Ch.2

Question 1

Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses.

Answer 1

Observation

Question 2

A hypothesis is a suggested solution for an unexplained occurrence that does not fit into current accepted scientific theory.

Answer 2

Hypothesis

Question 3

. It’s a guess, sometimes based on facts or evidence, but not always. A fortune teller makes a prediction using a crystal ball.

Answer 3

Prediction

Question 4

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

Answer 4

Experiment

Question 5

A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.

Answer 5

Variable

Question 6

a group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study: a lower infection rate in the experimental group that received the vaccine.

Answer 6

Experimental

Question 7

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable.

Answer 7

Control group

Question 8

Data science is an inter-disciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data.

Answer 8

Data

Question 9

positive, i.e., both variables increase or decrease together or negative or inverse, i.e., one variable increases when the other decreases.

Answer 9

Correlation

Question 10

Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data.

Answer 10

Statistics

Question 11

average value calculated by taking the sum of all values and dividing by the total number of values.

Answer 11

Mean

Question 12

The specific location or arrangement of continuing or successive objects or events in space or time. 2. The extent of a ramifying structure such as an artery or nerve and its branches.

Answer 12

Distribution

Question 13

Probability is used to measure the chances or likelihood of an event to occur, a hypothesis being correct, or a scientific prediction being true

Answer 13

Probability

Question 14

Characteristics of the sample should match those of the population so that the outcome of an experiment or survey conducted on a sample would be replicable if it were possible to research the whole population.

Answer 14

Sample

Question 15

a situation involving exposure to danger.

Answer 15

Risk

Question 16

A scientific model is a physical and/or mathematical and/or conceptual representation of a system of ideas, events or processes.

Answer 16

Modal

Question 17

A conceptual model is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents

Answer 17

Conceptual Model

Question 18

Mathematical models can take many forms, including but not limited to dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, or game theoretic models. …

Answer 18

Mathematical Model

Question 19

Used as a noun, it denotes objective things, states, processes, or qualities that are approved, desired, or found worthy by at least one valuer

Answer 19

Value

Question 20

Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.

Answer 20

decision making model