Ch.9 Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
Bill of Rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
A law is a bill that gets passed and an amendment is a change to an existing law
How does an amendment get proposed?
An amendment may be proposed by 2/3 of Congress or 2/3 of the states
How does an amendment then get ratified?
After an amendment is proposed, it must be ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition the gov’t.
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
citizens have the right to own firearms
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
The 5th
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
The 6th
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
The 9th Amendment prevents the gov’t from claiming the BoR are the only rights Americans have
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
With the 10th Amendment, states could be used as protection against the powers of a national gov’t
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
Washington and John Adams
State Department dealt with what
Relations w/ other nations
Treasury Department dealt with what
W/ financial matters
War Department dealt with what
w/ nations defense
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
Sec of state, Sec of treasury, and Sec of war
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
Secretary of treasury
What act established a federal court system?
Judiciary Act
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Overturn state laws
Who was John Jay?
1st Chief Justice of The Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
The amount the gov’t owed
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
He took the state debts and collected them to the federal government
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
The South
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
If he moved the capital to the south
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
He felt like it fell under the constitution
What is a tariff?
Tax on imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
He didn’t want the president to be like a king
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
Favored a strong federal government
Rule by wealthy
Loose interpretation of the constitution
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
State banks
State governments
Rule by the people
Strict introduction of the constitution
How did Washington feel about political parties?
It divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
Caucuses
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
The XYZ affairs
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
To protect the security of the nation and slow immigration
What was the Naturalization Act?
Required aliens to live in the us for 14 years to apply for citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
Allowed President to deport aliens
What was the Sedition Act?
It makes it a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
The first amendment
