Ch.8 - Gas Laws And The Mole Flashcards
Why does a solid usually expand on melting?
The volume of a liquid is larger than its solid because the particles are arranged more loosely as a liquid.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading out of a substance due to the natural movement of its particles.
What is Boyle’s law?
Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
pV=constant, P∝1/V
What is Charles’ law?
Charles’ law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature in K.
V/T=constant, V∝T.
What is Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volume?
Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes states that when gases react, the volumes consumed in the reaction bear a simple whole number ratio to each other, and to the volumes of any gaseous product of the reaction, all volumes being measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
What is Avogadro’s law?
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gases, contain equal numbers of molecules, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
What else does the combining volumes ratio show?
The combining volumes ratio is the same as the ratio of combining molecules.
What are the assumptions made in the kinetic theory of gases?
Gases are made up of particles whose diameters are negligible compared to the distances between them. There are no attractive or repulsive forces between these particles. The particles are in constant, rapid, random motion, colliding with each other and the walls of the container. The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to their temperature in K. All collisions are elastic.
What is an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a gas that perfectly obeys all the gas laws under all conditions of temperature and pressure.
What are the limitations to the kinetic theory of gases?
Attractive forces do exist between gas molecules due to intermolecular forces. At low temperatures and at high pressures, the diameters of the gas molecule is not negligible compared to the distances between them.
