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Medical Terminology > Ch8 Female Repro System > Flashcards

Ch8 Female Repro System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

fertilization

A

when 2 gametes unite to form a single nucleus with 1/2 chromosomes and genetic code from each parent

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2
Q

ovulation

A

egg leaves the ovary, travels down the fallopian tubes to uterus for implantation

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3
Q

female and male sex cells are called…

A

gametes (ovum, sperm)

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4
Q

female and male gonads

A

ovary, testes

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5
Q

stages of embryo

A

zygote - fertilized egg
embryo - 2-8 weeks
fetus - 8 weeks to term

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6
Q

menarche

A

female’s first period

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7
Q

menopause

A

when all eggs have been released, hormone production slows, and menstruation ends

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8
Q

placenta

A

vascular organ implanted in uterus to nourish the embryo

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9
Q

pituitary gland

A

gland that secretes hormones that govern the reproductive functions of the ovaries, breasts, and uterus

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10
Q

female secondary sex characteristics

A

body hair
breast development
structural changes in bones and fats

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11
Q

gynecology

A

study of female reproductive system

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12
Q

obstetrics

A

specialty concerned with pregnancy and delivery of a fetus

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13
Q

neonatology

A

study of care and treatment of a newborn

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14
Q

cul-de-sac

A

region midway between the uterus and rectum

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15
Q

Bartholin glands

A

2 small glands at vaginal opening that produces mucus secretion that lubricates the vagina

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16
Q

vulva

A

outer area containing clitoris, perineum, labia, and hymen

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17
Q

utero-ovarian ligament

A

holds ovary in place on the side of the uterus

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18
Q

corpus luteum

A

ruptured follicle after ovum is released

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19
Q

adnexa

A

collectively refers to fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

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20
Q

fimbrae

A

finger-like ends of the fallopian tubes

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21
Q

layers of the uterus

A

endometrium - inner layer of specialized epithelial mucosa
myometrium - middle muscular layer
perimetrium - outer layer (uterine serosa)

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22
Q

parts of the breast

A
  • glandular tissue containing milk glands
  • lactiferous ducts
  • sinuses carrying milk to the nipple
  • mammary papilla (nipple)
  • areola
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23
Q

parturition

A

giving birth

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24
Q

lactation

A

secretion of milk

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25
Q

phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Days 1-5 - period
Days 6-12 - endometrium redevelops, estrogen released
Days 13+14 - ovulation
Days 15-28 - empty egg follicle becomes corpus luteum, which functions as an endocrine organ (making estrogen and secreting progesterone)

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26
Q

prementrual syndrome (PMS)

A

combination of symptoms of depression, breast tenderness, and irritability caused by lower levels of progesterone and estrogen

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27
Q

chorion

A

outer membrane surrounding the developing embryo

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28
Q

amnion

A

inner membrane filled with fluid that holds the fetus suspended in amniotic cavity

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29
Q

cephalic presentation

A

normal delivery position - head first

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30
Q

3 phases of labor

A

cervix dilation
birth of infant
placenta delivery

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31
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A
  • produced by pituitary gland
  • target organ: ovary
  • stimulates maturation of the ovum
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32
Q

luteinizing hormone

A
  • produced by pituitary gland
  • target organ: ovary
  • stimulates ovulation
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33
Q

estrogen

A
  • produced by ovary and placenta
  • target organ: uterus
  • builds endometrial lining
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34
Q

progesterone

A
  • produced by ovary and placenta
  • target organ: uterus
  • sustains uterine lining and placenta
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35
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A
  • produced by placenta
  • target organ: corpus luteum
  • sustains pregnancy
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36
Q

LH surge

A

spike in LH levels that triggers ovulation

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37
Q

common symptoms of menopause

A

hot flashes, insomnia, vaginal atrophy

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38
Q

amni/o

A

amnion

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39
Q

bartholin/o

A

Bartholin glands

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40
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

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41
Q

chori/o
chorion/o

A

chorion

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42
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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43
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

44
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

45
Q

galact/o

A

milk

46
Q

gynec/o

A

female

47
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

48
Q

lact/o

A

milk

49
Q

mamm/o
mast/o

A

breast

50
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

51
Q

metr/o
metri/o

A

uterus

52
Q

my/o
myom/o

A

muscle

53
Q

nat/i

A

birth

54
Q

obstetr/o

A

pregnancy/childbirth

55
Q

o/o
ov/o
ovul/o

A

egg

56
Q

oophor/o
ovari/o

A

ovary

57
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

58
Q

phor/o

A

to bear

59
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tubes

60
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

61
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

62
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

63
Q

-arche

A

beginning

64
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

65
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant

66
Q

-parous

A

bearing, bringing forth

67
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

68
Q

-salpinx

A

fallopian tube

69
Q

-tocia

A

labor, birth

70
Q

-version

A

act of turning

71
Q

dys-

A

painful

72
Q

endo-
in-
intra-

A

within, in

73
Q

multi-

A

many

74
Q

nulli-

A

no, not, none

75
Q

pre-

A

before

76
Q

primi-

A

first

77
Q

retro-

A

backward

78
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of cervix

79
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue outside the uterus

80
Q

fibroids

A

benign tumors in the uterus

81
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvis and abdomen

82
Q

fibrocystic breast disease

A

numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

83
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

84
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus

85
Q

placenta previa

A

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of uterus

86
Q

preeclampsia

A

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headaches

87
Q

Down syndrome

A

chromosomal abnormality in trisomy 21

88
Q

hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN)

A

destruction of red blood cells in newborn caused by Rh factor incompatibility between mother and fetus

89
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

acute lung disease commonly seen in premature newborn

90
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

91
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A

abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus/newborn

92
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the opening of the stomach of the duodenum

93
Q

pap smear

A

microscopic exam of stained cells removed from the vagina or cervix

94
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

xray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast

95
Q

colposcopy

A

visual exam of vagina and cervix using a colposcope

96
Q

conization

A

removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix

97
Q

cryosurgery

A

use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

98
Q

culdocentesis

A

needle aspiration of fluid from the cul de sac

99
Q

dilation and curettage (D+C)

A

widening of cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of uterus

100
Q

exenteration

A

removal of internal organs within a cavity

101
Q

fine needle aspiration

A

withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a needle

102
Q

tubal ligation

A

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

103
Q

abortion

A

pregnancy terminated before embryo or fetus can exist on its own

104
Q

amniocentesis

A

puncture of amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

105
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

placental tissue sampling for prenatal diagnosis

106
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

egg and sperm combined outside the body in a lab dish to facilitate fertilization

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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