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Medical Terminology > Ch12 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch12 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define external respiration

A

exchange of air between the lungs and external environment

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2
Q

Define cellular/internal respiration

A

exchange of gases at the cell level within body organs

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3
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

hollow spaces in skull and produce mucus, help lighten skull, and helps produce sound

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4
Q

nasal cavity

A

lined mucus membrane and cilia that filters out foreign bodies and warms/mositens air

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5
Q

3 divisions of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharnyx
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6
Q

adenoids / pharyngeal tonsils

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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7
Q

palatine tonsils

A

lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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8
Q

epiglottis

A

cartilage flap over the opening of the larynx, prevents materials from entering lungs

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9
Q

mediastinum

A

space in the center of the chest

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10
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

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11
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer on the lung membrane

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12
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer on the lung membrane

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13
Q

hilum

A

midline region where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit

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14
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities

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15
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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16
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

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17
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

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18
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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19
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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20
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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21
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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22
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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23
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx / voice box

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24
Q

lob/o

A

lobe of the lung

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25
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

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26
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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27
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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28
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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29
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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30
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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31
Q

phon/o

A

voice

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32
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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33
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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34
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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35
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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36
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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37
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus cavity

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38
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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39
Q

tel/o

A

complete

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40
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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41
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsils

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42
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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43
Q

-ema

A

condition

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44
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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45
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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46
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

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47
Q

-sphyxia

A

pulse

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48
Q

-thorax

A

pleural cavity, chest

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49
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

50
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure

51
Q

pleural rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

52
Q

rales

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli

53
Q

rhonchi

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

54
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

55
Q

stridor

A

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx/larynx

56
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

57
Q

croup

A

viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

58
Q

diphtheria

A

infection of throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

59
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

60
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

61
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

62
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of bronchus

63
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time

64
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that don’t drain normally

65
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

66
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

67
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

68
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abornmal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts

69
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammation

70
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus in lungs

71
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in air sacs and bronchioles

72
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs

73
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

74
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammation in small nodules developed in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

75
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

76
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in pleura

77
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

78
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

79
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

80
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust or asbestos accumulation in the lungs

81
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of right side of heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to lungs because of underlying lung disease

82
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

death of lung tissue

83
Q

silicosis

A

silica or glass dust in the lungs

84
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope exam of bronchial tubes

85
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

tube placement through mouth into pharynx, larynx, trachea to establish airway

86
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs

87
Q

thoracentesis

A

needle inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid

88
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

89
Q

AFB

A

acid fast bacillus

90
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

91
Q

BAL

A

bronchoalveolar lavage

92
Q

Bronch

A

bronchoscopy

93
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

94
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

95
Q

C+S

A

culture and sensitivity testing

96
Q

CTPA

A

computed tomography pulmonary angiogram

97
Q

DLCO

A

diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon dioxide

98
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

99
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

100
Q

EBUS

A

endobronchial ultrasound

101
Q

FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

102
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity

103
Q

MAC

A

mycobacterium avium complex

104
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

105
Q

NSCLC

A

non-small cell lung cancer

106
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

107
Q

PaCO2

A

carbon dioxide partial pressure

108
Q

PaO2

A

oxygen partial pressure

109
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystic pneumonia

110
Q

PE

A

positive expiratory pressure

111
Q

PEEP

A

positive end-expiratory pressure

112
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

113
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

114
Q

RV

A

residual volume

115
Q

SABA

A

short acting beta agonist

116
Q

SCLC

A

small cell lung cancer

117
Q

TLC

A

total lung capacity

118
Q

V(-T)

A

tidal volume

119
Q

VATS

A

video-assisted thoracic surgery

120
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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