Ch.8 - Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

126 bones;

As “appendages” to the central skeleton, these bones include those of the upper and lower limbs (including the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton)

Question 2

The bones of the appendicular skeleton is most involved in

Answer 2

body movement

Question 3

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle includes which bones?

Answer 3

The two pectoral (shoulder) girdles include a clavicle and a scapula

Question 4

The clavicle’s medial end articulates what?

Answer 4

The medial (sternal) end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

Question 5

The clavicle’s lateral end articulates what?

Answer 5

Lateral (acromial) end articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Question 6

What type of bone is the scapula?

Answer 6

Flat bone

Question 7

Where is the scapula located?

Answer 7

The scapula is a flat bone that is located in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs

Question 8

What part of the scapula does the humerus articulate?

Answer 8

Its glenoid cavity is the attachment point for the humerus

Question 9

How does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Answer 9

Articulates with the scapula proximally (its rounded head fits into the glenoid cavity)

Question 10

How does the humerus articulate with the ulna and radius?

Answer 10

The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna distally (the trochlea articulates with the ulna and the capitulum with the radius)

Question 11

What forms the trochlear notch?

Answer 11

The olecranon and coronoid process at the proximal end of the ulna form the trochlear notch which wraps around the trochlea of the humerus making up the elbow joint

Question 12

How does the articulation of the radius allow for rotation?

Answer 12

The articulation of the radial head with the capitulum of the humerus and with the ulna allow the forearm to rotate

Question 13

How many carpal bones are there and how are they arranged?

Answer 13

The carpal bones are 8 small bones connected to each other by ligaments and they are arranged in two rows of four bones each.

Question 14

Name the 4 proximal carpal bones.

Answer 14

The proximal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform) articulates with the distal radius and ulna

Question 15

Name the 4 distal carpal bones.

Answer 15

The distal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate) articulates with the metacarpals

Question 16

How many metacarpal bones are there and what does it make?

Answer 16

The five metacarpals make up the palm and back of the hand.

Bases articulate with the distal carpals while their heads articulate with the proximal phalanges

Question 17

how are the metacarpals numbered?

Answer 17

Numbered I through V (or 1–5) starting with the thumb

Question 18

How many phalanges are there?

Answer 18

14 total

Question 19

Describe the hand bones.

Answer 19

The thumb contains 2 (proximal and distal) while the other 4 fingers contain 3 each (proximal, middle and distal)

Question 20

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

Answer 20

The pelvic girdle is made up of two hip bones (os coxa, coxal bones) that articulate with the sacrum posteriorly

Question 21

Name the three individual parts of the hip bone.

Answer 21

Each hip bone is actually made up of three individual bones: ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 22

How are the two hip bones articulated?

Answer 22

The two bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic bones (pubic symphysis).

There is a disc of fibrocartilage between the two bones

Question 23

What major bone does the pelvic girdle articulate with?

Answer 23

The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone as a ball and socket joint

Question 24

T/F- The acetabulum is composed of parts of all three of the bones that make up the hip bone

Answer 24

TRUE.

Question 25

how is the pelvis divided?

Answer 25

The pelvis is divided into a superior and an inferior portion by the pelvic brim, which is where the abdomen meets the pelvic cavity

Question 26

The area of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim is known as the …

Answer 26

false (greater) pelvis

Question 27

The area of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim is known as the …

Answer 27

true (lesser) pelvis

Question 28

How do the male and female pelves differ (3 ways)?

Answer 28

1. The bones of the male pelvis are usually larger and heavier.
2. The bones of the female pelvis are structured to meet the requirements of pregnancy and childbirth.
3. The female pelvis is wider and shallower than that of the male

Question 29

What bone is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body?

Answer 29

the femur

Question 30

How does the femur articulate with the pelvis?

Answer 30

The proximal end (head) inserts into the acetabulum of the hip bone

Question 31

Which bones does the distal end of the femur articulate with?

Answer 31

The distal end articulates with the tibia and patella

Question 32

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 32

triangular bone

Question 33

Where does the patella bone develop?

Answer 33

develops in the quadricep tendon.

Question 34

Where is the patella located?

Answer 34

Its posterior surface articulates with the femur

Question 35

What does the lower leg consist of?

Answer 35

The lower leg consists of the tibia and the fibula

Question 36

which lower leg articulates with the femur?

Answer 36

The tibia’s proximal end articulates with the femur

Question 37

which lower leg articulates with the talus bones of the ankle?

Answer 37

The tibia’s distal end articulates with the talus bone of the ankle

Question 38

Where does the patellar ligament attachment?

Answer 38

The tibial tuberosity on the anterior surface is the point of attachment for the patellar ligament.

Question 39

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Answer 39

These are the talus, calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid

Question 40

how are the 5 metatarsals numbered?

Answer 40

Just like the metacarpals, they are numbered I through V (1–5) starting with the big toe
They make up the sole and dorsal surface of the foot

Question 41

What does the proximal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?

Answer 41

The proximal ends articulate with the 3 cuneiform bones and the cuboid

Question 42

What does the distal ends of the metatarsals articulate with?

Answer 42

The distal ends articulate with the proximal phalanges

Question 43

how many arches does the foot have and what is it supported by?

Answer 43

The foot has two arches that are supported by ligaments and tendons

Question 44

What is the purpose of the arches in the foot?

Answer 44

The purpose of the arches is to:

1) allow the foot to support the weight of the body,
2) provide leverage while walking,
3) and distribute the body’s weight over the foot

Question 45

What are the two foot arches?

Answer 45

The foot has two arches:
1) the longitudinal arch which is made up of a medial and a lateral portion

and 2) the transverse arch

Question 46

Where do skeletal tissue arise?

Answer 46

Most skeletal tissue arises from the middle primary germ layer in embryos known as the mesoderm although most of the skull arises from the outer layer called the ectoderm

Question 47

Describe the two ways the skull bones develop.

Answer 47

1. The cartilaginous neurocranium (hyaline cartilage) undergoes endochondral ossification.
2. The membranous neurocranium undergoes intramembranous ossification