CH8

Question 1

How many chromatids in one chromosome?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How many centromeres in one chromosome?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Name the six phases of the cell cycle in order.

Answer 3

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis.

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

How many autosomes do humans have?

Answer 5

44

Question 6

What is an autosome?

Answer 6

Non-sex chromosome.

Question 7

If the diploid number of an organism is 10, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in each cell in telophase of mitosis?

Answer 7

10

Question 8

If the diploid number of an organism is 10, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in each cell in telophase II of meiosis?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

What are the two sex chromosomes of a human female?

Answer 9

xx

Question 10

What are the two sex chromosomes of a human male?

Answer 10

xy

Question 11

What’s a karyotype?

Answer 11

A picture of all homologous chromosomes all paired up.

Question 12

Define homologous.

Answer 12

Similar in size and genetic content.

Question 13

Is MITOSIS involved in reproduction?

Answer 13

No, meiosis is, because it produces sex cells.

Question 14

Is mitosis happening right now?

Answer 14

Yes, because we are constantly growing, as proven in cell division.

Question 15

What are stem cells?

Answer 15

Undifferentiated cells that can become any kind of cell.

Question 16

In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell?

Answer 16

Metaphase.

Question 17

Is prophase the phase that takes the longest?

Answer 17

No, interphase is the longest because it is preparing to divide by copying DNA.

Question 18

When in the cell cycle, does DNA get copied?

Answer 18

Yes, during metaphase.

Question 19

What kind of cells are haploid cells?

Answer 19

Sex cells.

Question 20

What kind of cells are diploid cells?

Answer 20

Body/somatic cells.

Question 21

In which phase of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane dissapear?

Answer 21

Metaphase.

Question 22

In which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes uncoil and go back to chromatin?

Answer 22

Telophase.

Question 23

What are the two types of human gametes?

Answer 23

Sperm and egg cells.

Question 24

Cell division occurs __________.

Answer 24

Continuously.

Question 25

Cell differentiation occurs __ ________ __________.

Answer 25

In embryonic formations.

Question 26

Define duplication.

Answer 26

Selection of chromo is repeated.

Question 27

Define deletion.

Answer 27

Selection of chromo is deleted.

Question 28

Define inversion.

Answer 28

Selection of chromo is inverted/flipped.

Question 29

Define translocation.

Answer 29

Two chromos switch places.

Question 30

Define non-disjunction.

Answer 30

Extra/missing whole chromo.

Question 31

What are the two causes of mutations?

Answer 31

1. Errors in DNA.

2. Exposure to mutagens (UV light, cigarette smoke, or radiation etc).

Question 32

Are mutations good or bad? Explain.

Answer 32

Both.

1. Good = If a new trait makes survival easier.
2. Bad = Disease, cancer, or death.

Question 33

What happens if the signals that regulate the cell cycle are ignored?

Answer 33

Mutated cells continue to reproduce, along with a large amount of regular cells. This is also known as cancer.

Question 34

Define oogenesis.

Answer 34

Meiosis that specifically makes egg cells.

Question 35

Meiosis produces ___ ____, which join in a process called _____________ to produce the fertilized egg called a(an) ______.

Answer 35

1. Sex cells.
2. Fertilization.
3. Zygote.

Question 36

Differentiate gene mutation and chromosomal mutation.

Answer 36

Chromosomal mutations are larger than gene mutations.

Question 37

What is cell division?

Answer 37

The process in which one cell splits and becomes two cells; occurs continuously and is used for growth and repair.

Question 38

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 38

The process in which cells become specialized to preform specific tasks; occurs in embryonic formations.

Question 39

Compare and contrast sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

Answer 39

1. Sexual reproduction consists of 2 parents and a random, split DNA.
2. Asexual reproduction consists of one parent and identical DNA between the parent and the daughter.

Question 40

What is a centromere?

Answer 40

The center/meeting point of two chromatids.

Question 41

What is a chromatid?

Answer 41

Half of a chromosome.

Question 42

Where does cell division occur in?

Answer 42

Prokaryotes.

Question 43

Describe interphase.

Answer 43

The longest part of the cell cycle, cell prepares to divide by copying DNA.

Question 44

Define mitosis.

Answer 44

The end of interphase signals; the beginning of mitosis (cell division).

Question 45

Describe prophase.

Answer 45

1. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

2. Spindle fibers are seen coming from centrioles; they pull chromos around.

Question 46

Describe metaphase.

Answer 46

1. Chromosomes line up in the middle.

2. Nuclear membrane disappears.

Question 47

Describe anaphase.

Answer 47

1. Chromosomes separate.

2. Each chromatid moves to opposite poles.

Question 48

Describe telophase.

Answer 48

1. Chromosomes begin to uncoil and go back to chromatin.

2. Nuclear membrane reforms.

Question 49

Describe cytokinesis.

Answer 49

The division of cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Question 50

The chromosome number is ________ during mitosis.

Answer 50

Maintained.