CH7 - Social & Emotional Development in Infants at Toddlers

Question 1

Emotions

Answer 1

Basic emotions vs complex (differs w culture)

Left frontal cortex activation = happy

Question 2

Expressing emotions

Answer 2

Happiness
Social smiles at 2 months - sometimes by cooing - pleasure from seeing another person
Joined by laughter at 4 months - vigorous physical stimulation or clowning - novelty, social context, salience of others emotions
What kinds of things are funny 5-8 months

Negative emotions
Anger 4-6 months (fav food taken away)
Fear - stranger anxiety - stranger wariness - 6 months

Question 3

Recognising and using others emotions

Answer 3

Distinguish between basic emotions by 6 or 7 months, girls more accurately (Facial expression, not necessarily actual emotion, but often match)

Can match some negative emotions to some events by 14 months, better at 2

Social referencing

Question 4

Regulating emotions

Answer 4

Look away when scared by 4-6 months

Question 5

Relationships with others

Answer 5

Freud - Infant & primary caregiver - now

John Bowlby - originated in ethology (adaptive behaviors in diff species)

Question 6

Internal working model

Answer 6

expectations about parents availability and responsivenes

Question 7

Strange situation

Answer 7

Mary Ainsworth - attachment - UofT Strange Situation: leaves and comes back
Secure attachment - i missed you but now ur back and im ok - 60-65% in US
Higher quality friendships & fewer conflicts
Less likely to have behavioral problems in school
Superior understanding of emotions

Avoidant attachment - fuck you mom - 20%
Resistant/ambivalent attachment - i hate you - 10-15%
DIsorganized/disoriented attachment - confused - 5-10%

Question 8

Barry Schneider

Answer 8

related to later peer relationships, not father ones tho, infants attachment to mother is related to that of father

Question 9

3 groups of adults:

Answer 9

Autonomous - objective & mention positive and negative aspects of their parents
→ usually provide secure attachment
Dismissive - general terms & often idealize their parents
Preoccupied - emotionally & often express anger or confusion

Question 10

Peer interactions:

Answer 10

6 month olds look, smile and point to one another
1 year - parallel play (exchanges but own toys)
15-18 months - simple social play (vroom)
2 years - co-operative play (take on roles)

Question 11

Self-concept

Answer 11

Self-awareness - Red nose & mirror
1 year - see mark on mirror
15 months - 2 years - reach up to their nose
4 years - reach for sticker based on videotape