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11A1/Ep > Ch7 - Religion, Crime and Punishment > Flashcards

Ch7 - Religion, Crime and Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Principle of Utility?

A

The Principle of Utility suggests that an action is right if it provides the maximum happiness for the maximum amount of people

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2
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of prison

A

Ropes people into gangs - schools for crime
Prisons breed resentment, bitterness and revenge
Most reoffend on release - prison doesn’t reform many
A prison record makes it difficult for people to get a job on release
Offenders families suffer through no fault of their own
Relationships can break down

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3
Q

Give 3 advantages of prison

A

Prisons protect society from dangerous criminals
Prisons help to show that the government has a tough stance against crime
Prisons reform many and stop people from committing crimes
Prison acts as a deterrent and ensures that the law is respected
Prison gives criminals a chance to reflect on their actions
It punishes people by separating them from their friends and family

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4
Q

Define civil law

A

Civil law concerns disputes between private individuals or groups. This includes matters such as: settlement of a divorce, disputes between landlords and tenants, and disputed wills

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5
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of corporal punishment

A

It is uncivilised and inhumane
Corporal punishment goes against the teachings of Jesus
Miscarriage of Justice can result in some being wrongfully accused and punished
The person who carries out the punishment may feel bad
Physically hurting people often causes resentment
Does not deter all criminals from committing crime

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6
Q

Give 2 advantages of capital punishment

A

Keeps people safe from criminals
Retribution for bad crimes
It deters people from committing crimes - they are scared of the consequence
It gives people closure - nobody will ever be affected by that criminal again
Some people are simply evil, so they need to have their life taken

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7
Q

What is the Sanctity of Life?

A

The Sancitity of Life is a teaching that God gave life and only he has the right to take it away. Human life is sacred and holy, therefore it shouldn’t be misused or abused.

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8
Q

Define corporal punishment

A

Corporal punishment is a physical punishment that is intended to cause pain

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9
Q

Give 4 features of a civilised country

A

Laws that protect citizens
Ways of getting regular food
Democracy
Culture
Teaching young people the knowledge they need
Emancipation of women
Low birth rate
Regard healthcare as a basic human right
Free press that can criticise the government sensibly
Opposure torutre and the death penalty

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10
Q

Give 4 features of a barbaric country

A

They have few, if any laws that protect their citizens
They have to fend for themselves
Don’t get to vote for who’s in charge
Often destroy culture they don’t like
Women not free to pursue education or career they want
Often have the death penalty, corporal punishment, and toture
Citizens can’t fully express themselves if they have different genders/sexualities

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11
Q

Define community service

A

Community service is a way of punishing offenders by making them do unpaid work in the community

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12
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of capital punishment

A

Innocent people can get wrongly convicted and executed (Miscarriage of justice)
Everyone has a right to life (Sanctity of Life)
It degrades human life
The criminal has no chance to reform their character
It doesn’t deter some people

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13
Q

What are the 4 aims of punishment?

A

The 4 aims of punishment are:
Reformation
Deterrence
Retribution
Protection

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14
Q

Give 2 advantages of community service:

A

It helps to reform offenders
It’s a good way to improve community links
It’s a way of punishing people without taking away their freedom

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15
Q

Give 3 advantages of corporal punishment

A

Stops people from reoffending
Deters people from committing crimes - makes them afraid of the physically painful consequences
Disciplines people
Helps to show people that their previous action was wrong

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of corporal punishment?

A

The 3 types of corporal punishment are:
Judicial
Domestic
Educational

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17
Q

Give a quote that supports capital punishment

A

‘An eye for an eye’
‘Whoever takes a human life shall be put to death’
‘Whoever sheds human blood, shall have their blood shed’
‘You shall not allow a sorceress to live’

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18
Q

Give 2 examples of civilised countries

A

The UK
Sweden
USA
Japan

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19
Q

Give 2 examples of barbaric countries

A

Saudi Arabia
Afghanistan
Russia

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20
Q

Define criminal law

A

Criminal law concerns more violent, physical or serious crimes. Such as murder or rape

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21
Q

Define civil disobedience

A

Civil disobedience is the refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders, or commands of a government

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22
Q

What is a prison?

A

A prison is a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while awaiting trial

23
Q

Give 3 reasons for crime

A

Reasons for crime:
Poverty, upbringing, mental illness, addiction, greed, hate, opposition to an unjust law

24
Q

What can you be asked to do during community service?

A

Community service can include: cleaning up after people, filling potholes, gardening, decorating houses, environmental work, picking up litter

25
Give a quote that opposes capital punishment
'Do not return evil with evil' 'If someone hits you on the right cheek, turn to them the left cheek' 'Blessed are the peacemakers' 'Thou shalt not kill'
26
Define capital punishment
Capital punishment is the legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime
27
Define a crime
A crime is an offence which is punishable by law
28
Give 2 disadvantages of community service
Doesn't reform everyone's character Some offenders might deserve a harsher punishment May not deter people from committing crime, as the punishment is not too severe It's a way of punishing people without fully taking away their freedom If criminals are surrounded by other offenders, they are likely to get roped into a gang
29
Define moral relatism
Moral relatism is the view that positions of right or wrong are based on people's own experiences and decisions
30
Define moral objectivism
Moral objectivism is the view that some moral acts are always wrong
31
Give 2 Christian beliefs on suffering
Good can come from suffering and it has an instrumental value in our lives Suffering can test us, strengthen us, and help us become better people Suffering can teach us important lessons It is a test of faith from God It is part of God's greater plan for us Some suffering is the result of Free Will, Catholics believe it is the result of Original Sin
32
Give 2 ways that Christians respond to suffering
Praying and asking God for strength Doing good to help alleviate suffering Showing compassion to those who are suffering Trust in God's plan, have faith and hope Look for the lesson they can learn from their suffering They could lose faith in an omnibenevolent God - could maybe not understand why an all loving God would cause them to suffer
33
Give 1 instance when causing suffering could be justified
In self-defence/protecting others Punishing a criminal - part of the justice system If the end justifies the means If it is the Lesser of Two Evils To prevent future suffering
34
Define forgiveness
Forgiveness is letting go of blame against a person for wrongs they have done; moving on
35
Give 1 Christian belief about forgiveness
Chrirstians believe that everyone is sinful and needs forgiveness. 'All have sinned and fall short' (St Paul) Christians believe that Jesus died on the cross to bring forgiveness and reconciliation between God and humanity. Christians should try to forgive others, even when it is difficult - this means they will also be forgiven. Jesus teaches that Christians should not tired of forgiving others - 'forgive not seven but seventy-seven times'. By forgiving, Christians show mercy and compassion.
36
Give 1 quote that shows forgiveness
'Forgive not seven but seventy-seven times' (Jesus) 'Forgive and you will be forgiven' (Jesus) 'Forgive them Father, for them do not know what they are doing' (Jesus - on Good Friday)
37
Give a quote that supports corporal punishment
'Do not withold discipline from a child' 'Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities'
38
Give a quote that opposes corporal punishment
'Love thy neighbour' 'Forgive not seven, but seventy-seven times' 'There is nothing in the Catechism of the Catholic Church which supports the right of parents to use corporal punishment'
39
Give a quote that opposes hate crimes
'Treat others as you would like to be treated' 'You are all one in Jesus Christ'
40
Give a quote that opposes murder
'Thou shalt not kill'
41
Give a quote about suffering
'Suffering produces perseverance'
42
Describe how poverty can lead people to commit crimes
Some people live in poverty and cannot afford the necessities of life. This can lead some people to steal food or essentials that they cannot afford to buy
43
Describe how upbringing can lead people to commit crimes
Growing up in a household where crime is a way of life may encourage a young person to follow the example of the people they live with. Once they have been driven into a life of crime, it's difficult for them to stop.
44
Describe how mental illness can lead people to commit crimes
Some people suffer from a mental illness that may cause them to commit crimes. For example: Kleptomania is a mental condition that causes them to commit crimes. Anger management problems can lead to assault or violent acts.
45
Describe how addiction can lead people to commit crimes
The nature of addiction to drugs means that the human body can't cope without them. Addicts may resort to stealing in order to purchase the drugs that their body needs. Alcohol is the main drug that causes people to commit crimes, because they can easily lose control of their thoughts and actions.
46
Describe how greed can lead people to commit crimes
In the UK, personal possessions and wealth are seen as signs of status. Greed can lead to crime, especially theft or fraud.
47
Describe how hate can lead people to commit crimes
Hatred is a strong negative feeling or reaction. It can lead to violence or aggression towards whoever or whatever the offender hates.
48
Describe how an unjust law can lead people to commit crimes
According to lawmakers, any breach of the law is wrong. There is however, occasions where people have deliberately broken laws they consider to be unjust, such as segregation.
49
What is common about most young people in prison?
Most young people who end up in prison have been excluded from school, so they lack education and qualifications.
50
What do criminologists say the majorty of people in prison are suffering from?
Criminologists say that the majority of people in prison are suffering from mental illness or psychological problems.
51
What percentage of women in jails in the US, are survivors of sexual assault?
86%
52
What are crime rates like, among those who suffer from overcrowding housing and deprived backgrounds?
Crime rates among those who suffer from overcrowded housing and deprived backgrounds are high.
53
Violence in poorer areas has led to gangs carrying knives. What can this lead to?
Violence in poorer areas has led to gangs carrying knives which can lead to crime.
54

11A1/Ep (7 decks)

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