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10A1/Ep > Ch1 - Christian Beliefs And Teachings > Flashcards

Ch1 - Christian Beliefs And Teachings Flashcards

1
Q

What is a denomination?

A

A denomination is a different type of a certain religion

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2
Q

Who is the head of the Angliclan church?

A

The English monarch is the head of the Anglican church

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3
Q

Who is the head of the Catholic church?

A

The head of the Catholic church is the pope

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4
Q

What do Catholics believe about transsubstantiation?

A

Catholics believe in transubstantiation, which is where the bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus, when it has been blessed.

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5
Q

What do Anglicans believe about transsubstantiation?

A

Anglicans believe that the bread and wine are Jesus’ blood and body spiritually but they don’t believe in transubstantiation.

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6
Q

Who can become a priest in an Anglican church?

A

Many Anglican churches are open to men and women being ordaned priests. They can also marry if they wish

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7
Q

Who can become a priest of a Catholic church?

A

The Catholic church says that only men can become priests and they must be celibate.

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8
Q

Give two key beliefs that unite all Christians

A

-Jesus was a real person who existed
-Jesus is an ethical role model that they should aspire to
-Theism - the belief that there is at least one God
-Jesus was the incarnation - he was God in human form
-Salvation (being saved) is possible through Jesus

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9
Q

Give two sources of Christian moral authority

A

4 sources of Moral Authority:
Jesus
The Bible
Priests
Pope (Catholic only)

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10
Q

What is a priest?

A

A priest is a religious leader authorised to perform the sacred rituals of a religion

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11
Q

Give two jobs of a priest

A

Hear confessions periodically
Give marriage counselling
Provide prenuptial counselling
Give spiritual direction
Teach or visit those confined indoors

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12
Q

How many books are in the Old Testament?

A

The Old Testament has 39 books

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13
Q

How many books are in the New Testament?

A

The New Testament has 27 books

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14
Q

What are the four Gospel books:

A

The four Gospel books are:
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

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15
Q

What are the three parts of the Trinity?

A

God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit

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16
Q

Who is God the Father and what is his role?

A

The father is considered the first person of the Trinity. He’s the one who people are referring to when they say ‘God’.
The father is fully in control and is the chief planner because he made the world.
He is the one who does the forgiving. God the father is also the one whom Christians normally direct their prayer to (e.g. The Lord’s Prayer).
So, he listens to prayers and answers them according to his will.

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17
Q

Who is God the Son and what is his role?

A

The second person of the Trinity is the Son, Jesus Christ who is both fully human and fully God.
He’s the part of God who came to Earth as a man to die for the sins of the world.
The Son always does the will of the Father and sits at his right hand in heaven.
Occasionally, people direct their prayers to Jesus.
Most Christians feel closer to the Son because they can identify with him. He was the one who came to Earth as a human and died in their place.
He knows what it’s like to be a human and to have to deal with everyday life so Christians try to copy his actions and follow his teachings.

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18
Q

Who is God the Holy Spirit and what is his role?

A

The third person of the Trinity is the Holy Spirit.
The Holy Spirit is said to do the unseen will of the Father and of the Son.
Of the Trinity members, the Holy Spirit is the one that’s hardest to relate to for many people, because it’s difficult to understand what is meant by ‘spirit’ as well as the idea that the Holy Spirit works in the past, present and future.

The Holy Spirit performs many critical roles in the lives of Christians. He has been involved throughout history and examples of this are in the Bible.
Also, he is actively involved in the life of every Christian now that Jesus has left Earth. Firstly, at Baptism and then filling people with ‘spiritual gifts’, helping in worship, making people feel better etc.
The Holy Spirit also plays a big role in a Christian’s prayer life.

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19
Q

Give one quote that supports the idea of the Trinity

A

1 Peter 3:18
‘For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit.’

The Nicene Creed states:
‘we believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty… We believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only Son of God… We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life’

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20
Q

A central Christian belief is Monotheism. What is Monotheism?

A

Monotheism is the belief that there is only one God

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21
Q

Define just

A

Just - believing according to what is right and fair

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22
Q

Give two reasons why God is just

A

God is a Just God because he has taken care of his followers. In Exodus, God leads the Jews out of slavery in Egypt, because they are his people.

God is Just because he created and treats everyone equally. It says this in the Bible - “You are all one in Jesus Christ” (Galatians 3:28) and “Let us make mankind in our image” (Genesis 1:26)

God is Just because the fact he sacrificed his own son shows that he has no favourites.

God is Just because Christians believe that he will sentence you in the afterlife fairly - if you have believed in him and followed his instructions, you will go to heaven.

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23
Q

Give two reasons why God is unjust

A

God instructs his followers to murder their enemies. This appears to be unjust because murder is supposed to be wrong.

In the Bible, God seems to help his followers, and not everyone. This might be unjust, because he is favouring his followers.

God isn’t Just because he floods the Earth. He knew that humankind were going to become evil, and yet he still created them.

God allows his chosen people (the Jews) to be rounded up and killed during the Holocaust.

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24
Q

Give one quote to show that God is just

A

“The heavens proclaim his righteousness, for He is a God of Justice” (Psalm 50)

“Righteousness and justice are the foundations of your throne” (Psalm 89)

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25
Q

Define love

A

Love - a feeling of deep affection for someone or something

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26
Q

Give two reasons why God is omnibenevolent

A

-God sent Jesus to die for people’s sins
-God created the universe and thought it was good
-God plays a role in his creation
-God created us all equally in his image

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27
Q

Give two reasons why God is not omnibenevolent

A

-He flooded the Earth
-Killed his own son
-Punished Adam and Eve for eating fruit when he knows they will and can’t resist
-Killed the Pharoh’s firstborns
-Sent bears who killed 42 children when they tormented someone
-The existence of suffering
-He doesn’t seem to appear to people now, he isn’t playing a part in his creation

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28
Q

Give one quote that shows God is omnibenevolent

A

“God is love” (John 4:16)

“The Lord is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love” (Psalm 103)

“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son…” (John 3:16)

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29
Q

Give two reasons why God is omnipotent

A

The creation of the universe
The wonders of the universe, which owes its existence to his creative and sustaining power
The miracles performed by Jesus and the miracles which are claimed to sometimes occur in the modern world

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30
Q

Give one quote that supports God as omnipotent

A

“The Almighty is beyond our reach and exalted in power” (Job 37:23)

“In the beginning, God created the Heavens and earth” (Genesis 1:1)

31
Q

What is Iraneus’ Theodicy?

A

He believed that God created evil for humans.
He said that although humans were created with the image of God, they aren’t perfect and aren’t like God yet, but they can eventually become perfect and like God.
He also believed that God created the best possible world that is purposely difficult so we can make the right choices and be more like God.
His argument also suggests that humans must freely choose to love God.

Main idea: God created evil to help humans grow.

32
Q

What is Augustine’s Theodicy?

A

He didn’t believe that God created evil, instead evil is a lack of goodness, and turning away from God.
He also believed that sin is passed on from parent to child, so all Christians were born evil (this was called original sin), so you had to get baptised to remove the sin and go to heaven.
He believed that God has the power to intervene in the world, but that would take away humans ‘Free Will’.

Main idea: God didn’t create evil, evil is turning away from god. To remove original sin, you must get baptised.

33
Q

What is the inconsistent triad? Who created it?

A

The Inconsistent Triad is a philosophical argument, which shows God cannot be both omnipotent and omnibenevolent while evil exists.
It proves that, if evil does exist, then God is either lacking power to remove evil or love to want to remove evil.
This was created by an Atheist called John Mackie.

34
Q

What did God create on day 1?

A

Day 1: God said ‘Let there be light.’ He called the light ‘day’ and the darkness ‘night’.

35
Q

What did God create on day 2?

A

Day 2: God made the sky

36
Q

What did God create on day 3?

A

Day 3: God formed the seas and the land, covering the land with vegetation and plants.

37
Q

What did God create on day 4?

A

Day 4: God created the lights in the sky, the sun, moon and stars.

38
Q

What did God create on day 5?

A

Day 5: God made fish and other animals in the seas, and birds in the air.

39
Q

What did God create on day 6?

A

Day 6: God finished by creating all of the animals on land, and by making humans. He made humans in his own image.

40
Q

What did God do on day 7?

A

Day 7: God rested on the seventh day and made it holy (This is why people go to church on the Sunday). He was very pleased with his creation and admired it.

41
Q

Give one inconsistency of the Christian creation story

A

Light was created before the sun
God created everything from nothing - how?

42
Q

Give one reason that Christians believe the creation story

A

It’s in the bible
It may have been passed down by the family
The beauty of the world must have been created by someone

43
Q

Who are literal Christians and what do they believe about creation?

A

-Literal Christians believe that every word in the Bible is true and they believe that the creation stories describe exactly how the universe was created.
-They believe that God made the world in six 24-hour days.
-They believe the Bible is the infallible and inerrant Word of God.
-They do not accept scientific explanations about the creation of the universe

44
Q

Who are liberal Christians and what do they believe about creation?

A

-Liberal Christians believe that the Bible is more of a guide and the days of creation are more like metaphorical stages.
-They believe that God created the world but not literally in six 24-hour days.
-They believe Genesis is a metaphorical story that contains a spiritual truth, it is a myth rather than a fact
-They believe that scripture must be understood in context
-They believe that religion tells us ‘why’ God created the world, whilst science explains ‘how’ this happened - there is no conflict between them.

45
Q

How did God ensure his creations could procreate?

A

God ensured his living creations could procreate by giving women a womb and eggs and giving males sperm, so they could reproduce.

46
Q

Give one reason why Adam and Eve were created

A

God wanted someone to look after his creation
Adam gave names to the animals
Eve was created because Adam was lonely

47
Q

Give one Christian belief about heaven

A

Heaven is a spiritual place, without your body
Heaven is a physical place, where you can see loved ones
Heaven is just eternal existence with God
Heaven is a pleasant garden

(When people are asked to describe what heaven is like, their answers often relate to what they see as most desirable in their lives)

48
Q

Give one quote that supports the idea of heaven

A

“My father’s house has many rooms” (John 14:2)

“Those who believe in him will not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16)

“My kingdom is not of this world” (John 18:32)

“The righteous will have eternal life” (Matthew 25:46)

49
Q

Give two ways a belief in heaven can influence a Christian today

A

-Have hope that there is life after death
-Have hope that good deeds will be rewarded
-Be a good person in order to reach heaven
-Look forward to a time of closeness to God
-Remain committed to the religion

50
Q

Give one Christian belief about hell

A

Hell is a physical place with an unquenchable fire
Hell is a physically painful and agonising experience
Hell is eternal separation from God

51
Q

Define universalism

A

Universalism is the belief that everyone will be saved

52
Q

Give one quote that supports the idea of hell

A

“The fiery lake of burning sulphur” (Revelation 21:8)

“They will go away to eternal punishment” (Matthew 25:46)

“A wilful turning away from God” (Catechism)

53
Q

Give two ways in which a belief in hell can influence a Christian

A

-To avoid sin in order to avoid going to Hell
-Put faith in Jesus Christ that he will save them
-Follow Jesus’ teachings to avoid going to Hell
-To feel scared of Hell
-May be influenced to believe in universalism
-May be influenced to evangelise to save others

54
Q

What is purgatory? Who believes in it?

A

Catholics believe in purgatory
Purgatory is an intermediate state where the souls of some Christians wait to recieve their place in heaven

55
Q

Give one quote that shows the idea of judgement

A

“We must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ, so that each of us may receive what is due us for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad” (St Paul, 2 Corinthians)

“The righteous will have eternal life” (Matthew 25:46)

56
Q

What is a creed?

A

A creed is a statement of belief

57
Q

How do Christians explain the reason behind not understanding the resurrection?

A

Christians believe that God has the answers and his plan for us cannot be understood by humans

58
Q

Why do some Christians reject the idea of cremation?

A

Some Christians reject the idea of cremation because of their belief in physical resurrection. They believe that God will raise them back to life before Judgement Day.

59
Q

Give one reason why Christians believe Jesus was fully God

A

He could:
Forgive sins
Heal the sick
Resurrect the dead

60
Q

What is the incarnation?

A

The incarnation is the Christian belief that God took human form by becoming Jesus.

61
Q

Why do Christians believe that Jesus is the saviour of mankind?

A

Christians believe Jesus is the saviour of humankind, because his sacrifice allowed the relationship between humans and God to be repaired. Through him, humankind was saved.

62
Q

Give one reason why the incarnation is important

A

Christians believe that God’s sacrifice of his own son bridged the gap made by Adam and Eve when they disobeyed God

They believe that the incarnation allowed humans to begin repairing their damaged relationship with God

Christians believe that Jesus’ sacrifice atoned for Adam and Eve’s previous wrongdoings and wipes away original sin, so humans can now be with God when they die

Christians believe that God was born as a human to experience what life was like for normal people. He wanted to be with them and suffer with them. This shows God’s love and care.

63
Q

What is the annunciation?

A

The annunciation is where God sent Angel Gabriel to tell Mary that she would become pregnant with Jesus.

64
Q

What is the ‘immaculate conception’?

A

The immaculate conception is the belief that Mary was a virgin when she gave birth to Jesus

65
Q

Give one quote that shows forgiveness

A

‘Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you.’ (Matthew 7:1)

‘Treat others how you would like to be treated.’

‘Love one another, as I have loved you.’

‘You have heard that it was said, “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” But I say to you, do not resist the one who is evil. If someone slaps you on the right cheek, let them slap the left one too.’ (One of the teachings from the Sermon on the Mount)

‘If you forgive men when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins.’ (Matthew 6:14-15)

66
Q

What did Jesus do to the people who crucified him? Why?

A

Jesus forgave the guards who crucified him as they didn’t understand the significance of what was going on

67
Q

Give one way in which a belief in the crucifixion influences Christians today

A

-One way is that it gives Christians gives them confidence that if they accept Jesus’ sacrifice, sin can no longer destroy their lives as God forgives those who faithfully ask for forgiveness.

-They believe suffering is a part of life, just as it was a part of Jesus’ life and that, having also experienced it, God understands what the sufferer is going through.

68
Q

Give one way in which the resurrection and ascension is important for Christians today

A

-They believe the resurrection shows the power of good over evil
-Christians believe that by accepting Jesus, they can also be resurrected in the same way. Therefore they have no need to fear death.
-Jesus’ resurrection assures Christians that God will forgive their sins if they become closer to God in this life and beyond.
-For Christians, the ascension shows that Jesus is with God. It paves the way for the coming of the Holy Spirit to provide comfort and guidance.
-Without the resurrection, there would be no Christian faith.

69
Q

What is sin?

A

Sin is an act that goes against God’s wishes, it is an action that can separate a person from God

70
Q

Give one belief about who is to blame for Original sin

A

Idea 1: God had told Adam not to eat from the tree, but Eve also had knowledge of this. Adam ate but only after Eve. From this verse alone it might be easy to think that Eve is indeed to blame for original sin since she sinned first. “So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband with her, and he ate.” (Genesis 3:6)

Idea 2: Adam was to blame, another part of the Bible says (Romans 5:12) “By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin.”

Idea 3: The serpent, or the Devil was to blame for this. “And the LORD God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, Cursed are you more than all cattle, And more than every beast of the field; On your belly shall you go,” (Genesis 3:14-15)

71
Q

Define salvation

A

Salvation is the saving of human beings from sin and its consequences

72
Q

What is salvation through grace by faith?

A

Believing in God and having a relationship with him will get you into heaven

73
Q

What is salvation through law/good works?

A

Doing good things and following the Christian Law will get you into heaven

74
Q

What is salvation through spirit?

A

The Holy Spirit helps you to go to heaven, through many different ways

10A1/Ep (5 decks)

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