Ch7 Inhaled Anesthetic Effects on Breathing, Airways, and Ventilation

Question 1

What are all inhaled anesthetics classified as?

Answer 1

Respiratory depressants

Question 2

What is PCO2 a key measure of?

Answer 2

Ventilation

Question 3

Which inhaled anesthetic increases PCO2 more than isoflurane or sevoflurane?

Answer 3

Desflurane

Question 4

What effect do halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane have on bronchial tone?

Answer 4

Bronchodilators

Question 5

True or False: Sevoflurane induced wheezing in a patient with asthma during anesthesia.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What is a crucial factor during one-lung ventilation?

Answer 6

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Question 7

What concentration of desflurane is suggested to achieve a deeper level of anesthesia?

Answer 7

8%

Question 8

What is the recommended action if a patient may lose anesthesia depth rapidly?

Answer 8

Insert the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) quickly

Question 9

What should be monitored during emergence from anesthesia?

Answer 9

Coughing or laryngospasm

Question 10

How does the body respond to increased levels of CO2?

Answer 10

Increases ventilation

Question 11

What are the indices of ventilation discussed?

Answer 11

• PCO2
• PO2

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Nitrous oxide has very little effect on ______.

Answer 12

PCO2

Question 13

Which inhaled anesthetics are noted to cause respiratory irritation at higher concentrations?

Answer 13

• Sevoflurane
• Isoflurane

Question 14

What is the effect of increasing nitrous oxide and sevoflurane concentrations on respiratory status?

Answer 14

Observed effects on respiratory status

Question 15

What is the effect of inhaled anesthetics on pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Answer 15

Minimal effect

Question 16

What is the effect of inhaled anesthetics on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation?

Answer 16

Small effect

Question 17

What was the patient’s end-tidal CO2 after increasing the concentration of sevoflurane?

Answer 17

47

Question 18

What was the blood pressure of the patient after increasing sevoflurane concentration?

Answer 18

96 over 55

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The use of LMAs during anesthesia did not produce significant ______ in patients given sevoflurane.

Answer 19

Coughing

Question 20

What was the concentration of nitrous oxide being used during induction of anesthesia?

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

What are the effects of sevoflurane on asthmatic patients during anesthesia?

Answer 21

No wheezing observed

Question 22

What was administered before the induction of anesthesia for a patient with asthma?

Answer 22

Albuterol inhaler

Question 23

What is a common clinical use of inhaled anesthetics?

Answer 23

Anesthesia in asthmatic or COPD patients

Question 24

True or False: All inhaled anesthetics have the same degree of respiratory depression.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the death rate mentioned in the text?

Answer 25

About 3% ## Footnote This refers to the death rate observed in volunteers during the procedure.

Question 26

What is the range of nitrous oxide concentration mentioned?

Answer 26

60% ## Footnote This concentration is used during the induction phase.

Question 27

What is the significance of the end-tidal CO2 reading of 5.2%?

Answer 27

It indicates the alveolar concentration of anesthetic ## Footnote This reading helps assess the depth of anesthesia.

Question 28

What is the time constant for the brain to reach equilibrium with alveolar concentration?

Answer 28

Two to four minutes ## Footnote This affects the timing for assessing anesthetic depth.

Question 29

What does LMA stand for?

Answer 29

Laryngeal Mask Airway ## Footnote This is used for airway management during anesthesia.

Question 30

True or False: No coughing was observed during the insertion of the LMA.

Answer 30

True ## Footnote This indicates effective airway management during anesthesia.

Question 31

What are irritant properties of inhaled anesthetics?

Answer 31

They can cause coughing during induction and recovery ## Footnote Particularly relevant for anesthetics like desflurane.

Question 32

Which anesthetics are more likely to produce coughing during recovery?

Answer 32

Anesthetics with poor solubility ## Footnote They lead to faster awakening and awareness of foreign bodies.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The lower the solubility of an anesthetic, the greater the potential for ______ during recovery.

Answer 33

problems ## Footnote This relates to the perception of foreign bodies in the airway.

Question 34

What is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Answer 34

A response where blood is shunted to ventilating lung areas ## Footnote This helps reduce ventilation-perfusion mismatch.

Question 35

How do inhaled anesthetics affect hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?

Answer 35

They minimally affect it ## Footnote This is particularly important during one-lung ventilation.

Question 36

What happens to the arterial PO2 during one-lung ventilation?

Answer 36

It decreases significantly ## Footnote This is observed when using various inhaled anesthetics.

Question 37

Why might a PO2 of 200 mmHg still indicate 100% saturation?

Answer 37

Because it contributes a small part to overall oxygenation ## Footnote Saturation can remain high despite changes in PO2.

Question 38

What is the relationship between oxygen delivery and oxygen content?

Answer 38

Oxygen content reflects the amount of oxygen dissolved ## Footnote Changes in PO2 have a minimal impact on overall oxygen delivery.