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Rad Pro 2 > Ch7 Final Review > Flashcards

Ch7 Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

A nontrauma patient comes to radiology with a history of chronic pain of the right hip. The patient is ambulatory but has not had previous radiographs taken of that hip. Which of the following routines would be best suited for this patient?

A

AP pelvis and axiolateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projections of the right hip

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2
Q

Which of the following projections would be best for a patient with limited movement of both lower limbs (in addition to the AP pelvis)?

A

Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)

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3
Q

Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed on a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture?

A

Modified Cleaves method

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4
Q

A patient enters the ER with a possible pelvic ring fracture due to an MVA. The initial pelvis projections do not reveal any fracture or dislocation, but the ER physician is concerned about a possible right acetabular fracture. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the right acetabulum?

A

Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)

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5
Q

Which of the following conditions will produce the radiographic sign
referred to as “bamboo spine”?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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6
Q

The use of the 80 to 90 kV (analog) technique (as opposed to 70 kV) with
a corresponding mAs change for an AP pelvis projection will result in:

A

reduction in gonadal dose.

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7
Q

During a repeat study of the AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection, both obturator foramina are symmetric but foreshortened. Which of the following positioning modifications must be performed to correct this error?

A

Increase the cephalic CR angulation.

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8
Q

A patient enters the ER with possible bilateral fractured hips. Which of the
following routines should be performed?

A

AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips

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9
Q

A radiograph of a unilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves method) projection
reveals that the femoral neck is foreshortened and distorted. The radiologist is concerned about pathology involving the neck. What can the technologist do to improve the visibility of the femoral neck without foreshortening during the repeat exposure?

A

Decrease the abduction of the femur to 20° to 30° from vertical.

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10
Q

The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.

A

True

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11
Q

A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect during the repeat exposure?

A

Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient’s unaffected leg.

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12
Q

What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?

A

. 40° caudad

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13
Q

A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph?

A

Right rotation

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14
Q

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?

A

Right rotation

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15
Q

Why must the lower limb be rotated 15° to 20° internally for AP pelvis projection (nontrauma)?

A

To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

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16
Q

Which of the following projections requires that the IR be tilted 15° from the vertical plane?

A

Modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)

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17
Q

A patient enters the ED with a possible separation of the symphysis pubis caused by trauma. The AP pelvis projection is inconclusive for determining the extent of the injury. What other projection can be taken to evaluate this region without excessive movement of the patient?

A

AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection

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18
Q

Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis?

A

Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis

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19
Q

A PA axial oblique projection (Teufel method) is performed on a patient. The resultant radiograph demonstrates distortion of the acetabulum. The following positioning factors were used: 40° anterior oblique, 12° cephalad CR angle, and CR centered to the upside hip (acetabulum). What needs to be modified during the repeat exposure?

A

Center CR to downside hip (acetabulum).

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20
Q

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific positioning problem is present on this radiograph?

A

CR centering or angulation

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21
Q

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) having sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient’s main complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to rule out fracture or dislocation?

A

AP pelvis

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22
Q

A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals that there is an excessive amount of grid lines present. A 6:1 linear grid was used. Which of the following points will correct this problem on the repeat exposure?

A

Keep the image receptor and grid parallel to the femoral neck and perpendicular to the CR.

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23
Q

A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete the study?

A

a. Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection.

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24
Q

Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the posterior (ilioischial) column and anterior (iliopubic) column of the pelvis?

A

Posterior oblique (Judet method)

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25
Q

A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this on the repeat exposure?

A

Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and do not repeat the exposure.

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26
Q

Which of the following pathologic conditions often occurs in males older than the age of 45 years?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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27
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early signs of bone infection of the pelvis?

A

Nuclear medicine

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28
Q

A study of a prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection, but the entire device is demonstrated on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do next?

A

Repeat the AP projection only.

29
Q

What is the amount of abduction of the femurs recommended for an AP bilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projection?

A

a. 40° to 45°

30
Q

A common condition of the femur that develops in elderly patients, leading to frequent fractures of the hip (proximal femur), is:

A

avascular necrosis.

31
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities can be performed on a newborn to assess hip joint stability during movement?

A

Sonography

32
Q

How much rotation of the body is required for posterior axial oblique projection for acetabulum (Teufel method)?

A

35° to 40°

33
Q

ApatientcomestotheERwithapossiblepelvicringfracture.Theinitial
AP pelvis projection is inconclusive. What other projection(s) can be taken to assist with the diagnosis?

A

AP axial inlet projection

34
Q

The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg projection is the _____ method.r

A

modified Cleaves

35
Q

How much CR angel,from the horizontal,is required for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection?

A

15° to 20°

36
Q

A degenerative joint disease

A

Osteoarthritis

37
Q

Malignancy spread to bone via the circulatory, lymphatic systems, or direct invasion

A

Metastatic carcinoma

38
Q

A disease producing extensive calcification of the longitudinal ligament of the spinal column

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

39
Q

A degenerative joint disease

A

Osteoarthritis

40
Q

A malignant tumor of the cartilage

A

Chondrosarcoma

41
Q

Now referred to as “developmental dysplasia of the hip”

A

Congenital dislocation of hip

42
Q

A fracture resulting from a severe blow to one side of the pelvis

A

Pelvic ring fracture

43
Q

Fractures that occur in adolescent athletes who experience sudden, forceful, or unbalanced contraction of the tendinous and muscular attachments on the bony pelvis

A

Avulsion fracture

44
Q
  1. Which of the following pathologic conditions often occurs in males. older than the age of 45 years?
A

Chondrosarcoma

45
Q

Gonadal shielding should be used on both males and females of childbearing age for AP hip projections if correctly placed. T or false

A

True

46
Q

Which of the following structures is considered to be most inferior or distal?

A

Lesser trochanter

47
Q

Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip. True or false

A

True

48
Q

A common condition of the femur that develops in elderly patients, leading to frequent fractures of the hip (proximal femur), is:

A

avascular necrosis.

49
Q

. Gonadal shielding of the male patient for the AP pelvis projection requires that the top of the shield is not extended above the level of:

A

the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.

50
Q

Which of the following pathologic conditions is a common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis?

A

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

51
Q

Which of the following structures is not an aspect of the proximal femur?

A

Obturator foramen

52
Q

The lesser sciatic notch is an aspect of-the:

A

ischium

53
Q

The sacroiliac joints are classified as____joint swith____mobility.

A

synovial; amphiarthrodial

54
Q

Ifa patient has excessive external rotation of one foot,a fractured hip maybe indicated true or false

A

True

55
Q

Why must the lower limb be rotated 15° to 20° internally for AP pelvis projection
(nontrauma)?

A

To place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor

56
Q

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics.
Narrower, deeper general shape of pelvis:

A

Male

57
Q

12.Which bone of the pelvis forms the anterior inferior aspect?

A

Pubis

58
Q

The two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are

A

ASIS and the symphysis pubis.

59
Q

4.Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?

A

Ischium, pubis, and ilium

60
Q

Using the hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:

A

1 1/2 inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.

61
Q

Ischial spines more protruding into the pelvic cavity: which gender

A

Male

62
Q

Gonadal shielding of the male patient for the AP pelvis projection requires that the top of the shield is not extended above the level of:

A

the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.

63
Q

Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?

A

Ischial spine

64
Q

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. Round and large pelvic inlet:

A

Female

65
Q

Select the correct gender to correspond with the following pelvic characteristics. More oval or heart-shaped pelvic inlet:

A

Male

66
Q

Whichofthefollowingconditionswillproduceshorteningoftheepiphyses but widening of the epiphyseal plate?

A

Slipped capital femur

67
Q

The Posterior oblique(Jude’s method)for-the acetabulum requires a10°to 15° rotation of the body. True or false

A

False

68
Q

What type of CR angle must be used for an AP axial(Taylormethod) “outlet” projection for a male patient?

A

20° to 35° cephalad

69
Q

WhattypeofCRangleisrequiredfortheposterioraxialobliqueprojection for the acetabulum (Teufel method)?

A

12° cephalad

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