Ch.7 Flashcards
What is I = PAT used for?
To determine the impact of a Nation on the environment
What does the i in I= PAT stand for
Impact
What does the p in I= PAT stand for
Population -number of people
What does the a in I= PAT stand for
Affluence=consumption of resources and waste produced
What does the T in I= PAT stand for
Technology=environmental disturbances caused by processing resources into consumable form or tech developed to offset negative anthropogenic effects.
Is the world overpopulated
No, not yet because the world still has space
How much does a population increase every 5 days
1 million
Describe the growth of the human population
Has been exponential for the last 400 years
Who is Thomas malthus
He is the first one who said we are going to run out of food in 1798
Was Thomas Malthus correct
No, this is because of the invention of fertilizer and now we are able to grow bigger products, and pesticides insects and birds aren’t eating our food, inventions like lawn mowers and irrigations help parts of the earth that are inhabitable be used for growing, and GMOs
Demography
Study of changes in population
how to calculate population size change
(Births +immigration) - (deaths + emigration)
Why does migration not play a role on population growth counts
People stay on Earth
What is CBR
Crude birth rates, number of births per 1,000 individuals
What is CDR
Crude death rate, number of death per 1,000 people
How to calculate % growth rate change
Present population -past population/past population
Then, x100
What is the rule of 70s
The time it would take for the population to double in size
What is the formula for rule of 70s
T = 70 / growth rate or r
T=.7/.r
Population density formula
Population divided by area
What is TFR
Total fertility rate,
The number of babies a woman can expect to have.
Replacement level
The ideal number of children, two children per family to replace the parents
When was the highest population
The 1970 for every country
Life expectancy
The amount of time a person can be expected to live based on year of birth and country
Who lives longer men or woman
Women because they maybe taking care of themselves or they take less risks then men
Why are men and women life expectancy leveling out and becoming equal
Men and women nowadays are doing the same jobs so women are willing to take risks, eventually the life expectancy of women and men will become the same
What is considered a infant
Below or before 1
What is considered a child
1 to 5
What indicates wealth or gpp of a country
Infants mortality rates
What country has the lowest child mortality rates and where does USA rank
1 Singapore , #34 the us
Why isn’t the US number one with child mortality rates
This might be because of medical Care affordability, if you don’t have insurance and you will not get medical attention
Who has the highest infants mortality rates
1-African american
2- Indian American
3-caucasians
What does a high CDR indicate
A country with a high CDR May indicate a high number of older individuals
What disease is the largest cause of death worldwide
Heart disease
What infectious disease is the largest cause of death
Turbulocosis or TB
Where does a AIDs rank in leading cause of disease
Moved 8th in leaving cause of disease to the 19th but 9th in young adults
Why is AIDS different
Affect young people and young people are the backbone of the society where they live in
What does each bar in a population age structure graph represent
5 years
What does the light green represent
Post reproductive
Medium green
Reproductive
Dark green
Pre-reproductive
Population momentum
Continued population growth after birth control policies or voluntary birth reduction have begun to lower the crude birth rate of a country
What was the largest age group in the US, and the effect
The baby boomers, they had a large effect on the economy because companies knew exactly what the majority of the people wanted based on their age
What was majority of immigration through 1920 through 1960
Most legal immigrants came from Europe
What is the majority of immigration since the 1960s
Most immigrants come from asia, and Central America.
Why are Europeans not a problem but others is a problem
Europeans look like the other natives there but, others from other countries look different so there’s a lot of racism and segregation.
What are benefits of immigration
More religions, intelligence, and diversity
What is the theory of demographic transition
Four phases that a country goes through, the US is in phase 4 but very few places in phase one
What is phase 1
Pre-industrial,
Where, places in rural communities of bangladesh, population growth is stable, high mortality rates and high birth rates, birth rates start to decrease at the end of the phase
What is phase 2
Transitional.
Most developing countries, population increases exponentially, in the process of becoming industrialized, death rates are drastically decreasing, the birth rates are also slowly decreasing
What is phase 3
Industrial.
Most developing countries, birth rate is decreasing and death rate begins to level out, so many people having babies so they are increasing but the number of babies are decreasing because everyone’s having one to two children.
What is phase 4
Post industrial.
Birth rates are way down, and death rates have gone way up, the population level is leveling out for example China
Family planning
Determining the number of children wanted and the spacing of the children
What services are included in family planning
Education-teaching woman how to use birth control and how to access it
Contraception
Pregnancy testing and counseling
Physical examination
Testing for hypertension breast cancer and STDs
What are the benefits to lower birth rates?
Increase in income
More access to info about birth control
Higher levels of education and affluence of women (working and educated women tend to put off having children)
How do you empower women
Provide education, paying jobs, support their rights.
What are the majority of woman’s jobs worldwide
Almost all domestic work and childcare
What do 60 to 80% of women do
Grow food, gathering fuel wood, hauling
What does a lower TFR rate mean
More education
When was China’s family program made
1970
How long did the one child policy last in China
From 1979-1990
How did China maintain the one child policy
Forced abortions, female infanticide, and underreporting of female births.
What percentage of the woman are poor and illiterate worldwide?
70% of the world’s poor and 64% of the world’s illiterate
How much do women get paid and how much do they work
Woman work 2/3 of all hours and received 10% of the pay
Why are men more wanted in other countries
Males remain near the parents and are expected to take care of them while females move with their husbands to take care of his parents
What was the effect of the China family program
Moved 300 million people out of poverty and shifted the age structure towards many more males
What is China’s policy currently
Now people can have more than one and are encouraged to have two to three kids but many Chinese couples saw how much money they get without children so they are liking the lifestyle so not a lot of people are having children anymore.
What is happening to Japan’s population
It’s a declining population, birth rates are low, life expectancy is high meaning not a lot of people are contributing to society,
Marriage rates are low and divorce rates are high.
What are parasite singles
Young adults who still live with their parents
Where is the majority of growth of countries takeplace
97% of growth is expected to take place in developing countries,
What is the per capita ecological footprint
Measures of affluence, money, goods and property
What does a high GPD indicate
-More industry, fossil fuel use, pollutants, waste
-more technology, medical advances
-lower infant mortality
-more sedentary (sitting) lifestyles
What is GPD
Measure of the nation’s wealth, value of all the products and services produced in a year in that country
What does low GPD indicate
-More manual labor
-More poverty / food insecurity
-More infant mortality
