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Apes 🦧 > Apes Ch. 12+13 > Flashcards

Apes Ch. 12+13 Flashcards

1
Q

Fossil fuel

A

A fuel that came from fossils millions of years ago

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2
Q

Non-renewable energy

A

Energy that can run out, mainly fossil fuels and nuclear fuels

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3
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

Fuel that comes from radioactive material that give off energy

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4
Q

What are the fossil fuels

A

Coal. Oil. Natural gad.

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5
Q

Process to get fossil fuels

A

Animals that decompose in anaerobic areas, and they build up quickly so decomposers can’t keep up so it builds up and over time it fossilized and bc of heat +pressure it causes it to be a high energy combustible fluid

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6
Q

How many joules are in a gigajoule

A

1 billion

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7
Q

How many gigajoules are in exjoule

A

1 billion

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8
Q

Percentage of world’s population that lives in developed country

A

20%

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9
Q

How much energy does People in developed countries use energy

A

70% of worlds energy every

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10
Q

Most popular were consumed fossil fuel

A

Oil

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11
Q

What are the major energy sources for the world

A

Fossil fuels that are coal/peat, natural gas, and oil

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12
Q

Commercial energy sources

A

Energy sources that are bought and sold such as coal and oil and other natural gas

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13
Q

Subsistence energy sources

A

Energy sources that are gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs that are ,straw’s, sticks and animal waste ,etc

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14
Q

What was the earliest energy source

A

Wood

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15
Q

Why has natural gas use recently been going up

A

Because of its increase in availability and decrease and price bc of fracking

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16
Q

Energy carrier

A

Something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient usable form to end users

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17
Q

Turbine

A

A device with blades that can be turned by water wind steam or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in electricity producing plant

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18
Q

Electrical grind

A

A network of interconnected transmission lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity

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19
Q

Combined cycle

A

A power plant that uses both exhaust gasses and steam turbines to generate electricity

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20
Q

Capacity

A

In reference to an electricity generating plant that maximum electrical output

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21
Q

Capacity factor

A

The fraction of time a power plants operates in a year

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22
Q

Cogeneration

A

They use the fuel to generate electricity and produce heat also known as combined heat and power

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23
Q

Coal

A

A solid fuel formed primarily from the remains of trees ferns and other plant materials preserve 280 million to 360 million years ago

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24
Q

Give a example of output/ input of energy.

A

We’ll input into the US energy system from both domestic production and import some other countries also hydraulic and electric energy comes from water that flows within a physical boundary of the country as well from neighboring countries such as Canada but it is not an energy import until we move it into a technological system and an output of it is the work the end use of the energy such as in transportation residential commercial and industrial usage and the output is waste CO 2 and other pollutants

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25
Q

What have energy inputs decreased to the US

A

The US is more reliant on making their own oil and natural gas’s

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26
Q

What is the preferred form of energy for transportation ?

A

Usually prefer gasoline or diesel fuel liquid energy sources that are relatively compact

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27
Q

What is energy efficiency

A

Energy efficiency is the efficiency of the process used to get the fuel and the efficiency of the process to convert it into the product needed

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28
Q

2nd law thermodynamics

A

It States that when energy is transformed it has the ability to Decrease energy because some of the energy is lost during each conversion

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29
Q

Efficiency of converting coal into electricity

A

35%

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30
Q

What does EROEI stand for?

A

Energy return on energy investment

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31
Q

What does EROEI mean

A

The amount of energy that we get out of an energy source, for every energy unit of energy used on producing it. Basically how hard you have to work to get it compared.to how much u get out of it)

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32
Q

Is a higher or larger value for EROEI Good

A

A larger value for EROEI means a more efficient and a better process

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33
Q

Alternatives other than driving by car

A

Carpooling, public transportation

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34
Q

Energy Carrier

A

Something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient usable form to end users

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35
Q

Turbine

A

A device with blades that can be turned by water ,wind ,steam or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in an electricity producing plant

36
Q

Electric grid

A

A network of interconnected transmission lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity.

37
Q

Combined cycle

A

A power plant that uses both exhaust gasses and steam turbines to generate electricity

38
Q

Capacity

A

In reference to an electricity generating plant the maximum electrical output

39
Q

Capacity factor

A

The fraction of time a parapleant operates in a year

40
Q

Cogeneration

A

The use of fuel to generate electricity and produce heat also known as combined heat and power

41
Q

Coal

A

A solid fuel form primarily from the remains of trees, ferns, and other plant materials preserve 280 million to 360 million years ago

42
Q

Petroleum

A

A fossil fuels that occurs in underground deposits, composed a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sulfur

43
Q

Crude oil

A

Liquid petroleum removed from the ground

44
Q

Oil sands

A

Slow flowing, gummy like deposits of Bitumen mixed with sand, water, and clay.

45
Q

Bitumen

A

A degraded petroleum that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of the Earth and is modified by bacteria

46
Q

Herbert curves

A

A bell shaped curve representing oil use and projecting both when world oil production will reach a maximum and when the world will run out of oil

47
Q

Peak oil

A

The point at which half the total known oil supply is used up

48
Q

CTL( Coal to liquid)

A

The process of converting solid coal into liquid fuel

49
Q

Energy intensity

A

The energy used per units of gross domestic product or ( GPD )

50
Q

Fission

A

A nuclear reaction in which a neutron strikes relatively large atomic nucleus, which then splits it to 2 or more parts, releasing additional neutrons and energy in the form of heat

51
Q

Fuel rod

A

A cylindrical tube that encloses nuclear fuel within a nuclear reactor

52
Q

Control rod

A

A cylindercal device inserted between the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor to absorb excess neutrons and slow/stop the fission reaction

53
Q

Radioactive waste

A

Nuclear fuel that can no longer produce enough heat to be useful in a power plant but continues to emit radioactivity

54
Q

Becquerel (BQ)

A

A unit that measures the rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays
1 Bq = Decay of one atom or nucleus per second

55
Q

Curie

A

A unit that measures radiation
1 curie = 37 billion decays per second

56
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

A reaction that occurs when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei

57
Q

Energy conservation

A

Finding and implementing ways to use less energy

58
Q

Tiered rate system

A

A billing system used by some electric companies in which customers pay higher rates as their use goes up

59
Q

Peak demand

A

The greatest quantity of energy used at any one time

60
Q

passive solar design

A

Construction designed to take advantage of solar radiation without active technology

61
Q

Thermal mass

A

A property of a building material that allows to maintain heat or cold

62
Q

Potentially renewable

A

A energy source that can be regenerated indefinitely as long as it is not overharvested

63
Q

Non depletable

A

A energy source that cannot be used up

64
Q

Renewable

A

In energy management, an energy source that is either potentially renewable or non depletable

65
Q

Bio fuel

A

Liquid fuel created from the processed or refined biomass

66
Q

Modern carbon

A

Carbon in biomass that was recently in the atmosphere

67
Q

Fossil carbon

A

Carbon and fossil fuels

68
Q

Carbon neutral

A

An activity that does not change atmospheric CO2 concentrations

69
Q

Net removal

A

The process of removing more than is replaced by growth typically use when referring to carbon

70
Q

Ethanol

A

Alcohol made by converting starches and sugars from plant material into alcohol and CO2

71
Q

Bio diesel

A

A diesel substitute produced by extracting and chemically altering oil from plants

72
Q

Flex fuel vehicle

A

A vehicle that runs either on gasoline or gasoline/ethanol mixture

73
Q

Hydro electricity

A

Electricity generated by the kinetic energy of moving water

74
Q

Run of the river

A

Hydro electricity generation in which water is retained behind a low dam or no dam

75
Q

water impoundment

A

The storage of water In a reservoir behind a dam

76
Q

Tidal energy

A

Energy that comes from the movements of water driven by the gravitational pull of the moon

77
Q

Siltation

A

The accumulation of sediments, Primarily silt, On the bottom of a reservoir On the bottom of the reservoir

78
Q

Active solar energy

A

Energy captured from sunlight with advanced technologies

79
Q

Photovolaic solar cell

A

A system of capturing energy from sunlight and converting it directly into electricity

80
Q

Wind energy

A

Energy generated from the kinetic energy of moving air

81
Q

Wind turbine

A

A turbine that converts wind energy into electricity

82
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Heat energy that comes from the natural radioactive decay deep within the Earth

83
Q

Ground source heat pump

A

A technology that transfers heat from the ground to a building

84
Q

Fuel cell

A

A electrical chemical device that converts fuel such as hydrogen into a electrical current

85
Q

Electroysis

A

The application of electric current to water, to split them into hydrogen and oxygen

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