ch7

Question 1

Chemical reactions involve..

Answer 1

electrons

Question 2

Spectroscopy is used to

Answer 2

explore atomic structure

Question 3

Continuous Spectrum

Answer 3

contains all wavelengths of light – a rainbow

Question 4

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 4

waves spread across spectrum from very short gamma rays to different kind of waves (like microwaves)

Question 5

types of line spectrum

Answer 5

continuum spectrum
emission line spectrum
absorption line spectrum

Question 6

what are continuum , emission , absorption line spectrum

Answer 6

• Absorving a light spectrum we will find continuum spectrum
  ( mad of a continuos range of wavelengh )
• Emission line spectrume: a bright spectrum lines against a dark background ,
  It can be produced by a hot gas
• Absorption line spectrume: absorving stars on earth, the exact opposite of the emission spectrum , the frequency is misssing

Question 7

Hydrogen’s emission spectrum has several lines in the visible region – called the ..

Answer 7

“Balmer series”

Question 8

are all the elemnets have the same line spectrum?

Answer 8

no, each element has its own line spectrum

Question 9

why do we use line spectrums for gas elements ?

Answer 9

to help us know the position of the electrons

hydrogen Line Spectrum Contains Only a Few Discrete Wavelengths

Question 10

electrons orbit in nucleus have certain “allowed” orbits - or energy levels.

That is, the electron’s energy is QUANTIZED (not continuous)

Question 11

As we getting away from the nucleus the electrons is increasing or decreasing in energy?

Answer 11

increasing

Question 12

Orbitals –

Answer 12

are regions of space where an electron has a probability of being found

Question 13

The electrons in an atom are grouped around the nucleus into ..

Answer 13

shells

Question 14

in the shell electrons are grouped into

Answer 14

sub-shells , of four different types, identified as s, p, d, and f

Question 15

• The number of subshells = shell number.

* There are different number of orbitals within the different kinds of subshells

Question 16

Different orbitals have different shapes.

what are the shapes of each type of orbital

Answer 16

• Orbitals in (s) subshells are (spherical)
• orbitals in (p) subshells are roughly (pinot)
• orbitals in (d) subshells are roughly (Dimond)
• orbitals in (f) subshells are roughly (flower)

Question 16

Different orbitals have different shapes.

what are the shapes of each type of orbital

Answer 16

• Orbitals in (s) subshells are (spherical)
• orbitals in (p) subshells are roughly (pinot)
• orbitals in (d) subshells are roughly (Dimond)
• orbitals in (f) subshells are roughly (flower)

Question 17

The 2 Electrons in the orbitals are spinning in oppisite directions

Question 18

Electron Configuration:

Answer 18

arrangement of electrons in atom’s shells and subshells

Question 19

Rules to predict electron configuration

Answer 19

• Electrons occupy the lowest-energy orbitals available, beginning with 1s and continuing
• Each orbital can hold only two electrons, which must be spinning oppositely .
• Two or more orbitals with the same energy – each orbital gets one electron before any orbital gets two.

Question 20

Abbreviated Electron Configuration

Answer 20

is shorten of electron configuration

Question 21

Valence Shell :

Answer 21

Outermost shell of an atom.

Question 22

Valence electrons:

Answer 22

An electron in an outermost shell of an atom. These electrons are loosely held, they are most important in determining an element’s properties.

Question 23

Octet Rule:

Answer 23

is used to predict chemical reactivity

Question 24

soelectronic:

Answer 24

Atoms, ions, or molecules which have an equal number of valence electrons and the same atom connectivity.

Question 25

The cation is smaller than the parrent atom

Answer 25

because cation lose electrons

Question 26

The anion is bigger than the parrent

Answer 26

because it gain electrons