Ch.6 Tour of the Cell Flashcards
The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane, in eukaryotes; the portion exclusive of the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Any of several membrane-enclosed structures w/ specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells
Organelles
The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier regulating the cell’s chemical composition
Plasma Membrane
The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes made up of chromatin
Nucleus
In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated w/ pores that regulate traffic w/ the cytoplasm
Nuclear Envelope
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Chromosome
The complex of DNA & proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes
Chromatin
A specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm
Nucleolus
A complex of RNA & protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large & small subunit
Ribosomes
A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
Vesicles
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells continuous w/ the outer nuclear membrane & composed of ribosome-studded (rough) & ribosome free (smooth) regions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes…Liver Cells
Smooth ER
The portion of endoplasmic reticulum w/ ribosomes attached…Pancreatic Cells
Rough ER
A protein w/ one or more covalently attached carbs
Glycoproteins
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, & route products of the endoplasmic reticulum & synthesize some products, notably noncellulose carbs
Golgi Apparatus
A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells & some protists
Lysosome
A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell…”Cell Eating”
Phagocytosis
A membrane bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in diff kinds of cells…Tend To Store Water
Vacoules
A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists
Contractile Vacoules
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules & synthesize ATP
Mitochondria
An organelle found in plants & photosynthetic protists that absorb sunlight & uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide & water
Chloroplast
An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Cristae
A FLATTENED, membranous sac inside a chloroplast
Thylakoids
A stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids in the chloroplasts; functions in the light reactions of photosynthesis
Granum/Grana
The dense fluid w/in the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane & containing ribosomes & DNA
Stroma
One of a family of closely related organelles that includes Chloroplasts, Chromoplats, & Amyloplasts
Plastids
An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen producing & then degrading Hydrogen Peroxide
Peroxisome
A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells & is found in cilia & flagella
Microtubules
One hair found in sperm
Flagella
A short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells…Small hairs found in the paramecium, used for movement
Cilia
A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making part of the cytoskeleton & acting alone or w/ myosin to cause cell contraction
Microfilaments
A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving & feeding…False Foot
Pseudopodia
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, & some protists
Cell Wall
