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Biol1406 > Ch.5 Structure & Function of...Molecules > Flashcards

Ch.5 Structure & Function of...Molecules Flashcards

0
Q

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds

A

Polymer

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1
Q

A Giant Molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction

A

Macromolecules

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2
Q

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

A

Monomer

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3
Q

A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction w/o being consumed by the reaction. Most are proteins.

A

Enzymes

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4
Q

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds btwn two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

The simplest carb, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides & polysaccharides

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction

A

Disaccharides

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7
Q

A covalent bond formed btwn two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

A

Glycosidic Linkage

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8
Q

A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by a glycosidic linkage

A

Starch

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9
Q

A structural polysaccharide of a plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by ß glycosidic linkages

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many Fungal Cell Walls & in the exoskeletons of all the arthropods

A

Chitin

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11
Q

Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, & steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, w/water

A

Lipids

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12
Q

A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called triglyceride

A

Fats

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13
Q

A carboxylic acid w/a long carbon chain. Fatty acids vary in length & in the number & location of double bonds

A

Fatty Acid

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14
Q

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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15
Q

Fatty acid that has one or more double bonds btwn carbons in the hydrocarbon tail

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

16
Q

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids & a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

17
Q

A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings w/ various chemical groups attached

A

Steroids

18
Q

A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes & acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, such as many hormones.

A

Cholesterol

19
Q

The covalent bond btwn the carboxyl group on one amino acid & the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction

A

Peptide Bond

20
Q

A recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change in the ß- globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate, changing the red blood cell

A

Sickle Cell Disease

21
Q

In proteins, a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds & interactions, thereby becoming biologically inactive

A

Denaturation

22
Q

An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl & and an amino group. Serves as the monomers of polypeptides

A

Amino Acid

23
Q

A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins

A

Nucleic Acid

24
Q

A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers w/a deoxyribose sugar & the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, & Thymine: A,C,G,T

A

DNA

25
Q

A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers w/a ribose sugar & the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, & Uracil: A,C,G,U

A

RNA

26
Q

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base & one or more phosphate groups

A

Nucleotide

27
Q

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides consisting of Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)

A

Pyrimidine

28
Q

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides consisting of Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)

A

Purine

29
Q

The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape

A

Double-Helix

30
Q

C6H12O6 Is the most common monosaccharide

A

Glucose

31
Q

A cardiovascular disease in which fatty deposits called plaques develop in the inner walls of the arteries, obstructing the arteries & causing them to harden

A

Atherosclerosis

32
Q

One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back & forth

A

B-Pleaded Sheath

33
Q

A hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose lvls… Liver and Muscle Tissue

A

Glucagon

34
Q

A strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer

A

Disulfide Linkage

35
Q

The particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each a polypeptide

A

Quaternary Structure

36
Q

A coiled region constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding btwn atoms of the polypeptide backbone

A

Alpha Helix

Biol1406 (3 decks)

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