Ch.6 Intro to Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Metabolism is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell

Question 2

Metabolic pathway

Answer 2

A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product

Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Question 3

Catabolic pathway

Answer 3

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

One example of catabolism

is cellular respiration, the breakdown of glucose and other organic fuels to carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

Anabolic pathway

Answer 4

Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Example,

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids is an example of anabolism

Question 5

Bioenergetics

Answer 5

Bioenergetics is the study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

is the capacity to cause change

Energy exists in various forms, some of which can perform work

energy can not be created nor destroyed. but converted from one form to another

Question 7

Kinetic energy

Answer 7

The energy associated with motion

Question 8

Thermal Energy

Answer 8

Thermal energy is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 9

Heat

Answer 9

Thermal energy transfered from one object to another

Question 10

Potential energy

Answer 10

is energy that matter posseses due to it location or structure

Question 11

Chemical energy

Answer 11

potential energy availble for release in a chemical reaction

Question 12

Thermodynamics

Answer 12

Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations

In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings

In an isolated system, exchange with the surroundings cannot occur

Organisms are open systems

Question 13

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant

Energy can be transferred and or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

The first law is also called the principle of conservation of energy

Question 14

Entropy

Answer 14

Is the measure of randomness or disorder

Question 15

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 15

During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is lost as heat

According to the second law of thermodynamics

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Entropy is a measure of disorder, or randomness

Question 16

Spontaneous process

Answer 16

Spontaneous processes occur without energy input; they can happen quickly or slowly

For a process to occur spontaneously, it must increase the entropy of the universe