Ch 9 The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Cell Division

Answer 1

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division

Question 2

Cell Cycle

Answer 2

Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation to its own division

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

All of the DNA inside of a cell

Question 4

Chromsomes

Answer 4

DNA molecules that are packed tightly in a cell

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Complex of DNA and protein that make up of chromosomes

Question 6

Somatic cells

Answer 6

Non reproductive cells (mitosis)

Have two sets of chromosomes

diploid (46 chromosomes)

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) meiosis

Have one set of chromosomes

Haploid 23

Question 8

Sister Chromatids

Answer 8

Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, joined identical copies of the original chromosome

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

where the two chromatides are most closely attached

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Division of genetic material in the nucleus

Question 11

Cytokinosis

Answer 11

the division of cytoplasm

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

Gametes are produced by a variation of cell division called meiosis

Meiosis yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes, half as many as the parent cell

Question 13

The cell cycle consists of

Answer 13

Mitotic (M) phase, including mitosis and cytokinesis

Interphase, including cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

Interphase (about 90% of the cell cycle) can be divided into subphases

G1 phase (“first gap”)

S phase (“synthesis”)

G2 phase (“second gap”)

The cell grows during all three phases, but chromosomes are duplicated only during the
S phase

Question 15

Five stages of mitosis

Answer 15

Please Pee on MAT

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis overlaps the latter stages of mitosis

Question 16

Miotic spindle

Answer 16

The mitotic spindle is a structure made of microtubules and associated proteins

It controls chromosome movement during mitosis

The spindle includes centrosomes, the spindle microtubules, and the asters

Question 17

Centrosome

Answer 17

In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the centrosome, a type of microtubule organizing center

The centrosome replicates during interphase, forming two centrosomes that migrate to opposite ends of the cell during prophase and prometaphase

Question 18

Aster

Answer 18

An aster (radial array of short microtubules) extends from each centrosome

Question 19

Kinetochores

Answer 19

Kinetochores are protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres

Question 20

Metaphase plate

Answer 20

At metaphase, the centromeres of all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate, an imaginary structure at the midway point between
the spindle’s two poles

Question 21

Cynotkinesis in plant cells vs animal cells

Answer 21

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow

In plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis