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Anatomy And Physiology > Ch.6 Bone In Skeleton Tissues > Flashcards

Ch.6 Bone In Skeleton Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the skeleton does an adult have

A

206

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2
Q

True or false bones are living tissues

A

True

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3
Q

Cartilage, ligaments, and connective tissue’s are part of what system

A

Skeletal system

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4
Q

What are the two main parts the school till system is divided into

A

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage is part of

A

Axial Skelton

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6
Q

The upper and lower limbs and the girdles they attach shoulder and hip what part of the Skelton do they belong to

A

Appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphate, storage of fats such as yellow marrow, blood cell production, protection, and movement

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8
Q

What are the four classifications of bone shapes

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones

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9
Q

Which phones are long and then found in the arms legs hands feet fingers and toes

A

Long bones

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10
Q

Which bone is thin with parallel surface and found in the skull sternum ribs and scapula

A

Flat bones

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11
Q

Which bones has a complex shape such as spinal vertebrae pelvic bones

A

Irregular bones

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12
Q

Which bones are small thick cuboidol such as ankle and wrist bones

A

Short bones

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13
Q

True or false sesamoid bones are special type of short bones formed in tendons (patella)

A

True

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14
Q

Projections ,holes ,ridges,depressions, and other bone surface. Where tendons, ligaments and muscles attach also where blood and nerves enter the bone what is this called?

A

Bone markings

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of bone tissue such as dense matrix

A

Dense matrix containing deposits of calcium salts, osteocytes( bone cells ) within the lucune ( spaces) organized around blood vessels

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16
Q

What are some characteristics of the canaliculi

A

Form connection to other lacunae, and exchange nutrients and waste

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17
Q

What are some characteristics of periosteum

A

Covers the outer surface of the bone and consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layer

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18
Q

The cell bone makes up what percent of bone mass?

A

2%

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19
Q

Bones contains 4 type f cells what are they

A

Osteocytes,osteoblasts,osetogenic,osteoclasts

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20
Q

What are mature bones cells that maintain the bone matrix and lives in the laeunae also between layers of the lamellae of the matrix and connected by the cyto plastic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae

A

Osteocytes

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21
Q

What are the osteocytes functions

A

To maintain protein and minerals and communicate with other bone cells about stress and strain

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22
Q

What are the bone building cells

A

Osteoblasts

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23
Q

Which cell assist in fracture and repair also located in the endosteum, the inner, cellular layer of the periosteum

A

Osteogenic or osteogenesis

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24
Q

Which cell is the bone destroying also secrete acids and protein digesting enzymes

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Q

True or false osteon is part of the structure of compact bone

A

True

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26
Q

True or false osteon is the basic unit

A

True

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27
Q

Where are the osteocytes arranged in?

A

Concentric lamellae

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28
Q

What is the circumferential lamellae

A

Wrapped around the long bone it binds osteon together and helps resist twisting of the bone

29
Q

True or false the structure of spongy bone is located where bones are not stressed

A

True

30
Q

Spongy bone does not have ?

A

Osteons

31
Q

True or false the spongy bone is not as strong as compact bones also the matrix forms an open network of trabeculae and trabeculae has no blood vessels and the space between is filled with red bone marrow

A

True

32
Q

In bone development human bones grow up until the age ?

A

25

33
Q

What is the name for bone formation

A

Osteogenesis

34
Q

What is the process of replacing other tissue with bone

A

Ossification

35
Q

What ossified bones that originate as hyaline cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

36
Q

What are the effects of exercise on bone

A

Mineral recycling allows bones to adapt to stress; heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger

37
Q

Bone that degenerates quickly is called

A

Bone degeneration

38
Q

True or false up to one third of bone mass can be lost within a few weeks of inactivity

A

True

39
Q

The skeleton as a calcium reserve

A

Bone store calcium and other minerals

40
Q

True or false calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body

A

True

41
Q

Calcium ions are vital to?

A

Membranes,neurons, muscle cells, especially heart cells

42
Q

If too much calcium is in the body fluids what happens

A

Calcium is being taken from the bones and it weakens the bones

43
Q

Homeostasis is maintained by

A

By calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, which controls storage, absorption, and excretion

44
Q

What are some of the major types of fractures

A 
Pott
Commented
Transverse 
Spiral
Displaced
Collies
Green stick
Epiphyseal
Compression
Compound
45
Q

What is osteopenia

A

It’s when bones become thinner and weaker with age

46
Q

At what age does osteopenia begin

A

30-40

47
Q

What percent do women and men lose bone mass per decade

A

Women 8% and men 3%

48
Q

What part of the body is most affected by osteopenia

A

Epiphyses, vertebrae, and jaws resulting in fragile limbs reduction in height and tooth loss

49
Q

What serves in bone loss affects normal functions and occurs in people over the age of 45

A

Osteoporosis

50
Q

What is the percentage that osteoporosis occurs in men and women

A

29% women 18% men

51
Q

What helps maintain hormones and bone loss

A

Estrogens and androgens help maintain bone mass

52
Q

When does bone loss accelerates in women

A

After menopause

53
Q

True or false cancerous tissue release osteoclasts activating factor that stimulates osteoclasts and produces severe osteoporosis

A

True

54
Q

_________is a cancer of the body’s blood forming tissue including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system

A

Leukemia

55
Q

True or false many types of leukemia exist some forms of leukemia are most common in children, other forms of leukemia occur mostly in adults

A

True

56
Q

________ may look like a rash and usually appear in clusters

A

Petechiae (pe-te-chi-a)

57
Q

__________ is an uncommon cancer that begins in the bone,bone cancer can begin in any bone in the body, but is the most commonly affects the long bones that makes up the arms and the legs

A

Bone cancer

58
Q

True or false there are several types of bone cancer exists. Some type of bone cancers occur primarilyprimarily in children of others affect mostly adults

A

True

59
Q

True or false the term bone cancer doesn’t include cancer that begin elsewhere in the in the body and spread such as metastasized to the bone.Instead those cancers are named where they begin, such as breast cancer that spread to the bone. Bone cancer. also don’t include blood cells cancer such as multiple myeloma and leukemia that begins in the bone marrow the jelly like materials inside the bone where blood cells are made

A

True

60
Q

Bone cancers are broken down into separate types based on the type of cell where the cancer began what are the different types

A

Osteosarcoma,chondrosarcoma,and wings sarcoma

61
Q

________ begins in the bone cell osteosarcoma occurs most often in children and young adults

A

Osteosarcoma

62
Q

_________ begins in cartilage cells that are commonly found on the end of bones chondrosarcoma most commonly affects older adults

A

Chondrosarcoma

63
Q

_________It is not clear where in the bone Ewing sarcoma begin. Scientist believe Ewings sarcoma may begin in nerve tissue within the bone. Ewings sarcoma occurs most often in children and young adults

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

64
Q

_______ shallow convex or concave surface where to bones articulate meaning come together

A

Facet

65
Q

________ indentation in a bone into which another structure fit

A

Fossa

66
Q

______shallow pit

A

Fovea

67
Q

_______Long indentation which a narrow structure travels

A

Groove

68
Q

_______tunnel through a bone such as the outer ear or inner ear canal

A

Canal or meat us

Anatomy And Physiology (3 decks)

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