Ch.6

Question 1

A stimulus which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in frequency.

Answer 1

Positive reinforcer

Question 2

A rule that states that if, in a given situation, someone does something that is fol- lowed immediately by a stimulus called a positive reinforcer, then that person is more likely to do the same thing again when he/she next encounters a similar situation.

Answer 2

Principle of positive reinforcement

Question 3

Behavior that operates on the environment to generate consequences and is in turn inluenced by those consequences.

Answer 3

Operant behavior or operant responses

Question 4

A rule stating that the opportunity to engage in a highly probable behavior can be used to reinforce a behavior that has a lower probability.

Answer 4

Premack principle

Question 5

he nonoccurrence of a positive reinforcer for a period of time resulting in its increased strength. Amoti- vating operation that involves withholding a positive reinforcer which increases its reinforcing power.

Answer 5

Deprivation

Question 6

Condition in which an individual has experienced a reinforcer to such an extent that the reinforcer is tempo- rarily inefective.

Answer 6

Satiation

Question 7

An event or condition that (a) temporarily alters the efectiveness of a reinforcer or pun- isher and (b) inluences behavior that produces that reinforcer or punisher.

Answer 7

Motivating operation (MO)

Question 8

Said of a stimulus with respect to a behavior if the behavior must occur before the stimulus will occur.

Answer 8

Contingent

Question 9

Said of a stimulus if it is presented regardless of the preceding behavior.

Answer 9

Noncontingent

Question 10

A behavioral chain that has at least one component called the superstitious component that is not functional in producing the reinforcer.

Answer 10

Adventitious chain

Question 11

Behavior that has been strengthened by adventitious reinforcement. See adventitious reinforcement.

Answer 11

Superstitious behavior

Question 12

A setting or place in which natural reinforcers occur.

Answer 12

Natural environment

Question 13

Unprogrammed reinforcers that occur in the normal course of everyday living.

Answer 13

Natural reinforcers

Question 14

Reinforcers that are arranged to occur systematically in a behavior modiication program.

Answer 14

Programmed reinforcer

Question 15

Gradually decreasing the rate of programmed reinforcement a client receives until the client’s improved behavior can be maintained by natural contingencies of reinforcement. Also called reinforcement thinning. Also see weaning an individual from a reinforcement program.

Answer 15

Schedule thinning