ch6-10 Flashcards
the movement of water across a plasma membrane occurs by
simple diffusion through membrane channels
which of these statements about the facilitated diffusion of glucose is TRUE
carrier proteins in the cell membrane are required for transport
if a poison such as cyanide stopped the production of ATP, which of the following trasport processes would cease
the movement of Na+ out of the cell
red blood cells crenate in
a hypertonic solution
plasma has an osmolality of about 300 mOsm. The osmolality of an isotonic saline is equal to
300 mOsm
which of these statements comparing a 0.5 m NaCl solution and a 1.0 m glucose solution is true
they have the same osmolality
they have the same osmotic pressure
they are isotonic to each other
ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE
the most important diffusable ion in the establishment of the membrane potential is
K-
which of these statements regarding an increase in blood osmolality is true
it can occur as a result of dehydration
in hyperkalemia, the resting membrane potential
it moves closer to 0 millivolts
which of these statements about the NA/K pump is true
K is actively transported out of the cell
which of these statements about carrier mediated facilitated diffusion is true
it is used for cellular uptake of clood glucose
which of these is not an example of cotransport
movement of Na and K through the action og the Na K pumos
the resting membrane potential of a nueron or muscle cell is
somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential
suppose that gates ion channels for Na of Ca opened in the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. the membrane potential of that cell would
move toward the equilibrium potential for that ion
become less negative than the resting potential
move further away from the potassium resting potential
ALL OF THESE
which of the following questions regarding second messengers is false
they are needed to mediate the action of nonpolar regulatory molecules
the supporting cells that form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system are
Schwann cells
a collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS is called
a ganglion
which of these neurons is pseudounipolar
sensory neurons
depolarization of an axon is produced by
inward diffusion of Na+
repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by
outward diffusion of K+
as the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon is increased
the frequency with which the action potential are produced increases
the conduction of action potentials in a myelinated nerve fiber is
saltatory
without decrement
faster than in an unmyelinated axon
ALL OF THESE
which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic potentials
they are all or non in amplitude
which of these os not a characteristic of action potentials
Na and K gates open at the same time
a drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase
increases the ability of ACh to stimulate the muscle contraction
postsynaptic inhibition is produced by
hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to glycine or GABA is produced by the opening of
Cl- channels
the absolute refractory period of a neuron
occurs during depolarization and the first part of the repolarization phase
which of these statements about catecholamines is folase
their effects are increased by the action of the enzyme catechol- O- methyltransferase
the summation os EPSPs from a numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called
spatial summation
which of these statements about ACh receptors is FALSE
G-proteins are needed to open ion channels for nicotinic receptors
hyperpolarization is cause by all of these neurotransmitters except
glutamic acid in the CNS
which of these may be produced by the action of nitric oxide
dilation of blood vessels
erection of penis
relaxation of smooth muscles in the digestive tract
LTP among neighboring synapses in the brain
ALL OF THESE
which of these statements about the precentral gyrus is true
it is involved in motor control
it is located in the frontal lobe
in most people, the right hemisphere controls movement of
the left side of the body
which of these statements about the basal nuclei is true
they are located in the cerebrum they contain the caudate nucleus they are involved in motor control they are part of the extrapyramidal system ALL OF THESE
which of these acts a a relay center for somatesthetic sensation
the thalamus
which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is FALSE
it contains the apneustic center
the reticular activating system
is composed of neurons that are part of the reticular formation
is a loos arrangement of neurons with many interconnecting synapses
is located in the brain stem and midbrain
functions to arouse the cerebral cortex to incoming sensory information
ALL OF THESE
in the control of emotion and motivation the limbic system works together with
the hypothalamus
verbal ability predominates in
the left hemisphere of right handed people
the left hemisphere of most lefthanded people
the consolidation of short term memory into long term memory appears to be a function of
the hippocamus
comprehension good; can speak and write, but cannot read
damage to angular gyrus
comprehension good, speech slow and difficult but motor ability not changed
damage to brocas area
comprehension poor; speech fluent but meaningless
damage to wernickes area
ADH and oxytocin are synthesized by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, which are located in
they hypothalamus
the superior colliculi are twin bodies within the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain that are involved in
visual reflexes
the consolidation of declarative memory requires he _____; working memory requires the ____
medial temporal lobe; prefrontal cortex
when a visceral organ is denervated
it becomes hypersensitive to subsequent stimulation
parasympathetic ganglia are located
next to or within the organs innervated
the neurotransmitter of preganglionic sympathetic fibers is
acetycholine
which of these results from stimulation of alpha- adrenergic receptors
constriction of blood vessels
which of these fibers release norepinephrine
postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the heart
the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are cooperative in
the reproductive system
propranolol is a beta blocker. it would therefore cause
slowing of heart rate
atropine blocks parasympathetic nerve effects. it would therefore cause
dilation of pupils decreased mucous secretion decreased movements of the digestive tract increased heart rate ALL OF THESE
which area of the brain is most directly involved in the reflex control of the autonomic system
medulla oblongata
the two subtypes of cholinergic receptors are
nicotinic and muscarinic
a fall in cyclic AMP within the target cell occurs when norepinephrine binds to which of the adrenergic receptors
a2
a drug that serves as an agonist for a2 receptors can be used to
decrease the heart rate
utricle and saccule
otolithic membrane
semicircular canals
cupula
cochlea
basilar membrane
the dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes
the Na channels to become blocked
the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter
the bipolar cells to become either stimulates or in hibited
ALL OF THESE
tonic receptors
produce action potentials at a greater frequency as the generator potential is increased
cutaneous receptive fields are smallest in
the fingertips
the process of lateral inhibition
increases sensory acuity
the receptors for taste are
specialized epithelial cells
which of these statements about the utricle and saccule are true
they are otolith organs
they provide a sense of linear acceleration
because fibers of the optic nerve that originate in the nasal halves of each retina cross over at the optic chiasma, each lateral geniculate receives input from
the contralateral visual field for each eye
when a person with normal vision views an object from a distance of at least 20 feet
the ciliary muscles are relaxed
the suspensory ligament is tight
the lens is in its most flat, least convex shape
ALL OF THESE
glasses with concave lenses help correct
myopia
parasympathetic nerves that stimulate constriction of the iris are activated by nuerons in
the superior colliculus
a bar of light in a specific part of the retina, qith a particular length and orientation, is the most effective stimulus for
simple cortical cells
the ability of the lens to increase its curvature and maintain focus at close distances is called
accommodation
which of these sensory modalitiesis transmitted directly to cerebral cortex without being relayed through the thalamus
smell
stimulation of membrane protein receptors by binding to specific molecules is not responsible for
sour taste sensations
epithelial cells release transmitter chemicals that excite sensory neurons in all of these senses except
smell
