Ch5.7 Flashcards
- Q: What is a key failure in cancer development?
A: Cells fail to communicate appropriately with their environment.
- Q: What does the failure of cell communication suggest about cancer pathogenesis?
A: Numerous receptor types are involved.
- Q: When was it discovered that tyrosine kinase receptors represent only one class of receptors?
A: In the 1980s.
- Q: What is the primary role of receptor types besides RTKs?
A: They detect specific extracellular ligands and transduce signals into the cell.
- Q: What kinase associates with cytokine receptors like the EPO and TPO receptors?
A: Janus kinases (Jaks).
- Q: What cell types do the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor regulate?
A: EPO regulates red blood cells, and TPO regulates blood platelet precursors.
- Q: How do cytokine receptors signal after dimerization?
A: Associated Jaks phosphorylate each other and then the receptor tails.
- Q: What distinguishes TGF-β receptors from tyrosine kinase receptors?
A: TGF-β receptors phosphorylate serine and threonine, not tyrosine.
- Q: How does TGF-β influence cancer development?
A: It suppresses normal cell proliferation but promotes invasion by transformed cells.
- Q: What happens when the type II TGF-β receptor binds its ligand?
A: It phosphorylates and activates the type I TGF-β receptor.
- Q: What are two related signaling factors that use similar receptors to TGF-β?
A: Activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).
- Q: What kind of signaling does the Notch receptor use?
A: Juxtacrine signaling.
- Q: How do Notch ligands interact with Notch receptors?
A: Through close physical contact between the signal-emitting and signal-receiving cells.
