Ch7.7 Inherited mutant TSG Flashcards
What is a common feature shared by tumor suppressor genes (TSGs)?
They have an anti-cancer function.
How do mutant tumor suppressor genes affect familial cancer risk?
They create an enormously increased risk of contracting specific types of cancer.
What type of cancer is often associated with Rb gene mutations?
Retinoblastoma
What is unique about the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes?
They specify a diverse array of proteins that reduce cancer risk.
Can all familial cancer syndromes be traced back to inherited TSG alleles?
No, not all can be traced back to inherited TSG alleles.
What class of genes, besides TSGs, can cause cancer predisposition?
Genome maintenance genes.
How do genome maintenance genes reduce cancer risk?
By reducing the likelihood of mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.
What are gatekeeper genes?
Genes that directly control how cells proliferate, differentiate, or die.
What are caretaker genes?
Genes that maintain cellular genomes by controlling the mutation rate.
How do defects in genome maintenance genes affect cancer risk?
They increase cancer risk by increasing the mutation rate.
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancer prevention?
They control the biology of cells, affecting their growth and survival.
What is the role of genome maintenance genes in cancer prevention?
They maintain genome stability by controlling mutation rates.
What are proto-oncogenes?
Genes that, when mutated, can lead to cancer but are rarely transmitted through the germ line.
Why are proto-oncogenes rarely transmitted through the germ line?
Mutant versions of proto-oncogenes typically arise somatically, not germinally.
What is the difference between gatekeeper and caretaker genes?
Gatekeepers control cell growth directly, while caretakers maintain genomic integrity.
