CH5 Technology and Its Effects

Question 1

medical technology

Answer 1

Practical application of the scientific body of knowledge to improve health and create efficiencies in the delivery of healthcare.

Question 2

nanomedicine

Answer 2

A developing area of medicine in which materials are manipulates on the atomic and molecular level (one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter)

Question 3

information technology (IT)

Answer 3

The technology is used for the transformation of data into useful information. It involves determining data needs, gathering appropriate data, storing and analyzing the data, and reporting the information generated in a user-friendly format.

Question 4

clinical information systems

Answer 4

Systems that involve the organized processing, storage, and retrieval of information to support patient care processes.

Question 5

health informatics

Answer 5

The application of information science to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of health care services. It requires the use of information technology (IT) but goes beyond IT by emphasizing the improvement of health care delivery.

Question 6

artificial intelligence

Answer 6

Computer algorithms that analyze large data to facilitate clinicians’ skills in diagnostics treatment, and prognostics.

Question 7

precision medicine

Answer 7

Delivery of medical care that is based on the patient’s unique characteristics, such as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Question 8

administrative information systems

Answer 8

Information systems that are designed to assist organizations in carrying out financial and administrative support activities such as payroll, patient accounting, materials management, and office automation.

Question 9

decision support systems

Answer 9

computer-based information and analytical tools to support managerial decision-making in health care organizations.

Question 10

clinical decision support systems

Answer 10

Interactive software systems designed to help clinicians with decision-making tasks, such as determining a diagnosis or recommending a treatment for a patient

Question 11

virtual vistis

Answer 11

online consultation between physicians and patients

Question 12

interoperability

Answer 12

The ability to share and access patient information by various users.

Question 13

meaningful use

Answer 13

Specific criteria in quality, safety, efficiency, and other areas that providers are required to meet to comply with the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009.

Question 14

e-health

Answer 14

health care information and services are offered over the internet by professionals and nonprofessionals alike.

Question 15

e-therapy

Answer 15

Any type of professional therapeutic interaction that makes use of the internet to connect qualified mental health professionals and their clients.

Question 16

telemedicine

Answer 16

Use of telecommunications technology that enables physicians to conduct two-way, interactive video consultations or transmit digital images, such as x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging results, to other sites.

Question 17

cost-effectiveness

Answer 17

Evaluation of the overall usefulness of medical technology, including evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a technology concerning its cost.

Question 18

technology diffusion

Answer 18

The proliferation of technology once it is developed.

Question 19

Value

Answer 19

greater benefits or higher quality at the same or lower price levels (costs).

Question 20

technological imperative

Answer 20

Use of technology without cost considerations, especially when the benefits to be derived from the use of technology are small compared to the costs.

Question 21

orphan drugs

Answer 21

Certain new drug therapies for conditions hat affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.

Question 22

biologics

Answer 22

Biological products such as vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenic, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues, and recombinant therapeutic proteins.

Question 23

biosimilar

Answer 23

A product that is highly similar to, or is interchangeable with, a biologic that has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Question 24

quality

Answer 24

the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.

Question 25

point-of-care testing

Answer 25

Diagnostics tests are performed outside a central laboratory to provide immediate results for routine monitoring or medical decision-making.

Question 26

quality of life

Answer 26

(1) Factors considered important by patients, such as environmental comfort, security, interpersonal relations, personal preferences, and autonomy in making decisions when institutionalized. (2) Overall satisfaction with life during and following a person’s encounter with the health care delivery system.

Question 27

health technology assessment

Answer 27

Any process of examining and reporting the properties of a medical technology used in healthcare, such as its safety, effectiveness, feasibility, indications for use, and cost-effectiveness.

Question 28

clinical trial

Answer 28

A research study, generally based on random assignments, is designed to examine the effectiveness of a new drug, device, or treatment.

Question 29

efficacy

Answer 29

the health benefit to be derived from the use of technology, or how effective a given technology is in diagnosing or treating a condition.

Question 30

safety

Answer 30

Protection against unnecessary harm, such as from the use of technology.

Question 31

cost efficency

Answer 31

Delivery of services in such a manner that the benefit is greater than the cost incurred to provide the service.

Question 32

clinical practice guidelines

Answer 32

Standardized guidelines in the form of scientifically established protocols, representing preferred processes in medical practice.