CH5 Technology and Its Effects Flashcards
medical technology
Practical application of the scientific body of knowledge to improve health and create efficiencies in the delivery of healthcare.
nanomedicine
A developing area of medicine in which materials are manipulates on the atomic and molecular level (one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter)
information technology (IT)
The technology is used for the transformation of data into useful information. It involves determining data needs, gathering appropriate data, storing and analyzing the data, and reporting the information generated in a user-friendly format.
clinical information systems
Systems that involve the organized processing, storage, and retrieval of information to support patient care processes.
health informatics
The application of information science to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of health care services. It requires the use of information technology (IT) but goes beyond IT by emphasizing the improvement of health care delivery.
artificial intelligence
Computer algorithms that analyze large data to facilitate clinicians’ skills in diagnostics treatment, and prognostics.
precision medicine
Delivery of medical care that is based on the patient’s unique characteristics, such as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
administrative information systems
Information systems that are designed to assist organizations in carrying out financial and administrative support activities such as payroll, patient accounting, materials management, and office automation.
decision support systems
computer-based information and analytical tools to support managerial decision-making in health care organizations.
clinical decision support systems
Interactive software systems designed to help clinicians with decision-making tasks, such as determining a diagnosis or recommending a treatment for a patient
virtual vistis
online consultation between physicians and patients
interoperability
The ability to share and access patient information by various users.
meaningful use
Specific criteria in quality, safety, efficiency, and other areas that providers are required to meet to comply with the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009.
e-health
health care information and services are offered over the internet by professionals and nonprofessionals alike.
e-therapy
Any type of professional therapeutic interaction that makes use of the internet to connect qualified mental health professionals and their clients.
telemedicine
Use of telecommunications technology that enables physicians to conduct two-way, interactive video consultations or transmit digital images, such as x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging results, to other sites.
cost-effectiveness
Evaluation of the overall usefulness of medical technology, including evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a technology concerning its cost.
technology diffusion
The proliferation of technology once it is developed.
Value
greater benefits or higher quality at the same or lower price levels (costs).
technological imperative
Use of technology without cost considerations, especially when the benefits to be derived from the use of technology are small compared to the costs.
orphan drugs
Certain new drug therapies for conditions hat affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.
biologics
Biological products such as vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenic, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues, and recombinant therapeutic proteins.
biosimilar
A product that is highly similar to, or is interchangeable with, a biologic that has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
quality
the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.
point-of-care testing
Diagnostics tests are performed outside a central laboratory to provide immediate results for routine monitoring or medical decision-making.
quality of life
(1) Factors considered important by patients, such as environmental comfort, security, interpersonal relations, personal preferences, and autonomy in making decisions when institutionalized. (2) Overall satisfaction with life during and following a person’s encounter with the health care delivery system.
health technology assessment
Any process of examining and reporting the properties of a medical technology used in healthcare, such as its safety, effectiveness, feasibility, indications for use, and cost-effectiveness.
clinical trial
A research study, generally based on random assignments, is designed to examine the effectiveness of a new drug, device, or treatment.
efficacy
the health benefit to be derived from the use of technology, or how effective a given technology is in diagnosing or treating a condition.
safety
Protection against unnecessary harm, such as from the use of technology.
cost efficency
Delivery of services in such a manner that the benefit is greater than the cost incurred to provide the service.
clinical practice guidelines
Standardized guidelines in the form of scientifically established protocols, representing preferred processes in medical practice.
