CH3 Historical Overview of US Healthcare Delivery Flashcards
preindustrial era
The phase of the medical delivery system was from the middle part of the 18th century until the later part of the 19th century. health care was not grounded in science and was delivered in a free market.
postindustrial era
The phase of the medical delivery system began in the late 19th century. The medical profession grew as a result of urbanization, new scientific discoveries, and reforms in medical education.
corporate era
A recent period in the evolution of the US medical delivery system is characterized by the domination of corporations rather than individuals in decision-making regarding care delivery and payment.
almshouse
Also called a poorhouse. An unspecialized institution existed during the 18th and mid-19th centuries that mainly served a general welfare function, essentially providing shelter to homeless individuals, mentally ill individuals, elderly individuals, orphans, and sick people who had no family to care for them.
asylum
forerunner of today’s inpatient psychiatric facilities. These institutions were built by state governments for patients with untreatable, chronic medical illnesses.
pesthouse
An institution that existed in preindustrial America to quarantine people with contagious diseases such as cholera, smallpox, or typhoid.
dispensary
A clinic during the preindustrial era that provided charity care in urban areas.
capitalism
A political and economic system that relies primarily on market forces in the production and distribution of goods and private ownership; contracts with socialism, where collective or governmental forces prevail.
organized medicine
Concerted activities of physicians, mainly to protect their interests, through such associations as the American Medical Association.
voluntary health insurance
private health insurance (in contrast to government sponsored compulsory health insurance)
socialized medicine
any large-scale government-sponsored expansion of health insurance or intrusion into the private practice of medicine.
part A
The component of Medicare that mainly covers hospital care and limited care in a skilled nursing facility.
part B
The component of Medicare in which government-subsidized voluntary insurance covers physicians’ services and outpatient services.
Title 18
The Medicare program; more precisely known as Title XVIII of the Social Security Amendments of 1965
Title 19
The Medicaid program; is more precisely known as Title XIX of the Social Security Amendments of 1965.
Medicaid
A joint federal-state program of health insurance for the poor
means tested program
A program in which eligibility depends on the person’s financial resources.
corporization
How health care delivery in the United States has become the domain of large organizations.
integrated delivery systems (IDS)
A network of organizations that provides or arranges to provide a coordinated continuum of services to a defined population and is willing to be held clinically and fiscally accountable for the outcomes and health status of the population serviced.
inpatient
services delivered based on an overnight stay in a health care institution.
outpatient
A person who receives health care services without being admitted to a hospital.
Telemedicine
Use of telecommunications technology that enables physicians to conduct two-way, interactive video consultations or transmit digital images, such as x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging results, to other sites.
E-health
Health care information and services are offered over the internet by professionals and nonprofessionals alike.
globalization
Various forms of cross-border economic activities are driven by the global exchange of information, the production of goods and services more economically in developing countries, and the increased interdependence of mature and emerging world economies.
