Ch5-TCP/IP Fundamentals and Applications Flashcards
The process by which a connection-oriented protocol creates a connection. EX: TCP three-way handshake
connection establishment
The process of discovering whether a datalink level frame was changed during transmission, typically by using the Frame Check Sequence field in the datalink trailer
error detection
The process of noticing when some transmitted data was not successfully received and resending the data until it is successfully received
error recovery
The process of regulating the amount of data sent by a sending computer toward a receiving computer. One method is by utilizing windowing.
flow control
A process used by protocols that do error recovery, in which the number that acknowledges data lists the next data that should be sent, not the last data that was successfully received
forward acknowledgement
A networking function, included in TCP, in which the protocol defines how the sending host should number the data transferred, defines how the receiving device should attempt to reorder the data if it arrives out of order, and specifies to discard the data if it cannot be delivered in order.
ordered data transfer
A term used to describe a TCP header and its encapsulated data
segment
For protocols such as TCP that allow the receiving device to dictate the amount of data the sender can send before receiving an acknowledgment-a concept called a <i>window</i>,-a reference to the fact that the mechanism to grant future windows is typically just a number that grows upward slowly after each acknowledgment, sliding upward.
sliding window
Multiplexing relies on the concept of a <i>socket</i>. What three things does a socket consist of?
- IP address
- a transport protocol
- a port number
One function of TCP and UDP is the concept of multiplexing using port numbers. What does this achieve?
Hosts can identify the correct application for which received data is to be processed, based on the port number.
Describe how TCP achieves error recovery (reliability)
Error recovery is achieved through numbering and acknowledging data with sequence and acknowledgment header fields.
Describe flow control
Process of using window sizes to protect buffer space and routing devices from being overwhelmed with traffic
The connection establishment and termination processes are used to synchronize what items?
Port numbers, sequence, and acknowledgment fields.
What is the protocol and port used for FTP data?
TCP 20
What is the protocol and port used for FTP control?
TCP 21
