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ORAL PATHOLOGY > CH5 Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

CH5 Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of process during cell division and differentiation into various tissues and structures
Identified clinically, by radiographic examination, biopsy or histologic examination

A

Developmental disorder

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2
Q

Present at birth-May be inherited or developmental, cause may be unknown

A

Congenital disorder

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3
Q

Caused by an abnormality in genetic makeup

A

Inherited disorder

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4
Q

Forms from the globular process

A

Premaxilla

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5
Q

Form from the maxillary process; fuse with the premaxilla and creates Y-shaped pattern

A

Lateral palatine processes

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6
Q

Develops from 1st branchial arch

A

Body of the tongue

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7
Q

Forms from 2nd and 3rd branchial arches

A

Base of the tongue

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8
Q

Odontogenesis occurs in ___ week of life and involves ectoderm and ectomesenchyme

Begins with formation in each jaw of a band of ectoderm called the ______

A

5th week

“primary dental lamina”

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9
Q

Does Cementogenesis occurs before or after crown formation is complete

A

After

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10
Q

Shapes the root and induces root dentin

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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11
Q

Root length is completed ____ years after eruption

A

1 to 4 years

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12
Q

An extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

“Tongue tied “

Treatment: Frenectomy

A

Ankyloglossia

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13
Q

Epithelium-lined blind tracts located at the corners of the mouth (commissure)

No Treatment

A

Commissural Lip Pits

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14
Q

A small mass of thyroid tissue located on the tongue

A

Lingual Thyroid

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15
Q

An abnormal fluid-filled epithelium-lined sac or cavity

A

Developmental Cysts

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16
Q

What is the most common oral cyst

A

Radicular cyst (periapical cyst)

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17
Q

True or False?

Developmental Cysts May cause expansion of bone

A

True

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18
Q

Cysts Occur within bone- generally occur as well circumscribed radiolucencies; may appear a unilocular or multilocular

A

Intraosseous cysts

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19
Q

Cysts Occur in soft tissue

A

Extraosseous cysts

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20
Q

Forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth
Most common around unerupted or impacted third molar

A

Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst - Odontogenic)

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21
Q

True or False?

Removal of a Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst) has potential risk of cystic transformation into a neoplasm

A

True

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22
Q

Found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth

A

Eruption Cyst (Odontogenic)

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23
Q

A nonaggressive, cystic lesion lined by odontogenic epithelium

Closely resembles an ameloblastoma

Has a characteristic feature called ghost cells

A

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC)

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24
Q

Develops in place of a tooth

Most commonly in place of a third molar

Most often seen in young adults and discovered on radiographic examination

A

Primordial Cyst (Odontogenic)

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25
Q

Most often seen in the mandibular third molar region

Can move teeth and cause resorption

A

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)

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26
Q

Most often seen in the mandibular cuspid and premolar area

It is an asymptomatic, unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion on the lateral surface of a tooth root

Botryoid odontogenic cyst = multilocular variant of _____

Most often in males

A

Lateral Periodontal Cyst (Intraosseous)

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27
Q

A ____ cyst has the same type of lining as the lateral periodontal cyst, but is located in the soft tissue

A

Gingival cyst

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28
Q

Microscopic appearance: Multicystic lesions
Enlargement of bone (Posterior mandible & Anterior maxilla)
Male and female 50 to 59 years
Appears similar to ameloblastoma or odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)
High recurrence rate

A

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC)

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29
Q

Located within the nasopalatine canal or the incisive papilla
Males 40 to 60 years old
Usually asymptomatic
May see a small, pink bulge near the apices and between the roots of the maxillary central incisors on the lingual surface
A well-defined, radiolucent lesion
May be oval or heart-shaped

A

Nasopalatine Canal Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst - Nonodontogenic Cyst)

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30
Q

A well-defined, pear-shaped radiolucency
Located between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisor and cuspid

A

Globulomaxillary Cyst (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

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31
Q

A soft tissue cyst
Thought to originate from the lower anterior portion of the nasolacrimal duct
An expansion or swelling in the mucobuccal fold in the area of the maxillary canine and the floor of the nose

A

Nasolabial Cyst (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

32
Q

Most commonly found in major salivary glands, intraorally on the floor of the mouth and the lateral borders of the tongue
Appears as a pinkish-yellow raised nodule

A

Branchial Cleft Cyst (Lymphoepithelial Cyst - Nonodontogenic Cyst)

33
Q

A raised nodule on the skin of the face or neck
May be noted intraorally on occasion

A

Epidermal Cyst (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

34
Q

Often present at birth or noted in young children

Usually found on the floor of the mouth

May cause tongue displacement

May have a doughy consistency when palpated

A

Dermoid Cyst (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

35
Q

Resembles a dermoid cyst + teeth, bone, muscles, and nerve tissue in the lesion wall

A

Benign Cystic Teratoma (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

36
Q

Forms along the tract the thyroid gland follows in development
Found in young individuals (<20 years of age)

A

Thyroglossal Tract (Duct) Cyst (Nonodontogenic Cyst)

37
Q

Not true cysts because they are not lined by epithelium

A

Pseudocysts

38
Q

An anatomic depression on the posterior lingual area of the mandible
A well-defined, cystlike radiolucency may be observed in this radiograph of the posterior region of the mandible inferior to the mandibular canal

A

Static Bone Cyst (Lingual Mandibular Bone Cavity, Stafne Bone Cyst)

39
Q

A pathologic cavity in bone that is not lined with epithelium
May be associated with trauma
A well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency
Characteristically shows scalloping around roots of teeth

A

Simple Bone Cyst (Traumatic Bone Cyst, Hemorrhagic Bone Cyst)

40
Q

The congenital lack of teeth

Total _____ is lack of all teeth

May be associated with ectodermal dysplasia

A

Anodontia

41
Q

The lack of one or more teeth
The most common missing permanent teeth are: Mandibular and maxillary third molars, Maxillary lateral incisors, Mandibular second premolars
The most common missing deciduous tooth is the mandibular incisor
Tends to be familial

A

Hypodontia

42
Q

Extra teeth

May result from formation of extra tooth buds in the dental lamina or from splitting from existing tooth buds

May occur in either deciduous or permanent dentition

Most often seen in the maxilla

A

Supernumerary Teeth

43
Q

The most common supernumerary tooth
Located between the maxillary incisors
May be inverted when seen on radiographs

A

Mesiodens (Supernumerary Teeth)

44
Q

The second most common supernumerary tooth
Located distal to the third molar

A

Distomolar (Supernumerary Teeth)

45
Q

Multiple supernumerary teeth may be associated with cleidocranial dysplasia or _____ syndrome

A

Gardner syndrome

46
Q

In which one or more teeth are smaller than normal

A

Microdontia

47
Q

One or more teeth are larger than normal

A

Macrodontia

48
Q

True or False?

Microdontia: involving a single tooth is far more common
Maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary third molar are the most commonly involved teeth

A

True

49
Q

True generalized microdontia seen in a

A

Pituitary dwarf

50
Q

True generalized macrodontia seen in cases of

A

Pituitary gigantism

51
Q

A single tooth germ attempts to divide in two

Appears as two crowns joined together by a notched incisal area

Radiographically, usually one single root and one common pulp canal exist

The patient has a full complement of teeth

A

Gemination

52
Q

The union of two normally separate adjacent tooth germs

Appears as a single large crown that occurs in place of two normal teeth

Radiographically, either separate or fused roots and root canals are seen

The patient is usually short one tooth

A

Fusion

53
Q

Two adjacent teeth are united by cementum

Usually discovered on radiograph

A

Concrescences

54
Q

An abnormal curve or bend in the root of a tooth

A

Dilaceration

55
Q

A small, spherical enamel projection on a root surface

Usually found on maxillary molars

Appears on a radiograph as a small, spherical radiopacity

Removal may be necessary if there is perio involvement in the furcation

A

Enamel Pearl

56
Q

An accessory cusp located in the cingulum area of a maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor

Contains a pulp horn

May interfere with occlusion

A

Talon Cusp

57
Q

The teeth have elongated pulp chambers and short roots
May occur in both deciduous and permanent dentition

A

Taurodontism

58
Q

Occurs when the enamel organ turns the crown inside out or onto itself before mineralization

It appears as a toothlike structure within a tooth

Vulnerable to caries, pulpal infection, and necrosis

A

Dens in Dente

59
Q

An accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal tooth surface

Most often seen on mandibular premolars

May cause occlusal problems

A

Dens Evaginatus

60
Q

May involve any tooth

Most commonly, maxillary and mandibular third molars if multirooted teeth are involved

May become clinically significant if removal or root canal treatment is necessary

A

Supernumerary Roots

61
Q

One of most sensitive cell groups in the body

A

Ameloblasts

62
Q

Any serious systemic disease or severe nutritional deficiency can produce _____

A

Enamel hypoplasia

63
Q

True or False?

Enamel hypoplasia of an adult tooth may result from infection of a deciduous tooth

A single tooth is usually affected; it is referred to as a Turner tooth

A

True

64
Q

True or False?

Enamel Hypoplasia can caused by Febrile Illness or Vitamin Deficiency

A

True

65
Q

Affected teeth exhibit a mottled discoloration of enamel

A

Enamel hypoplasia

66
Q

True or False?

Ingestion of water with two to three times the recommended amount leads to white flecks and chalky opaque areas of enamel

Four times the recommended amount of fluoride causes brown or black staining

A

True

67
Q

Mulberry molars have a berrylike appearance

Hutchinson incisors are shaped like screwdrivers

A

Enamel Hypoplasia Resulting from Congenital Syphilis

68
Q

True or False?

Enamel hypoplasia may occur due to trauma or injury at the time of birth
Even a mild illness or systemic problem can result in enamel hypoplasia

A

True

69
Q

A developmental anomaly resulting in a disturbance in the maturation of the enamel matrix
Usually appears as a chalky, white spot on the middle third of smooth crowns
The underlying enamel may be soft and susceptible to caries

A

Enamel Hypocalcification

70
Q

The result of deposition of substances circulating systemically during tooth development

A

Endogenous Staining of Teeth

71
Q

Exhibit a marked reduction in radiodensity and a characteristic ghostlike appearance

Very thin enamel and dentin are present

A

Regional Odontodysplasia (Ghost Teeth)

72
Q

True or False?

Impacted teeth cannot erupt because of an obstruction

A

True - Ankylosed teeth

73
Q

True or False?

Embedded teeth do not erupt because of lack of eruptive force

A

True - Ankylosed teeth

74
Q

True or False?

Partially impacted teeth are prone to infection

A

True

75
Q

Tooth cementum fused to bone
Prevents exfoliation of the deciduous tooth and eruption of the underlying adult tooth
The _____ deciduous tooth appears submerged and has a different sound when percussed (a kind of dull thud)
The periodontal ligament space is lacking
Difficult to extract

A

Ankylosed Teeth

ORAL PATHOLOGY (3 decks)

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