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Radiation Protection > Ch.5 And Ch.11 > Flashcards

Ch.5 And Ch.11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personnel monitoring ?

A

The monitoring of equivalent dose to any person occupationally exposed on a regular basis to monitor ionizing radiation. (Dosimetry)

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2
Q

Radiation workers are at risk to receiving _____% or more of the annual occupational effective dose limit because of their work-related activities.

A

10%

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3
Q

Most healthcare facilities issue dosimetry devices when personnel could receive approximately ______% of their annual effective dose in any month which is _____.

A

1%, 0.05msv or 50rems

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4
Q

Occupational radiation exposure levels are kept well ______ annual effective dose limits

A

Below

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5
Q

Annual whole body dose for occupational exposure

A

5rem/50msv

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6
Q

Annual whole body dose for general public exposure

A

0.5rems/5msv

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7
Q

Annual whole body doses for embryo during the entirety of the gestation period

A

Should not exceed 0.5rems/5msv

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8
Q

Annual whole body doses for embryo during any month for gestation

A

Should not exceed 0.05rems/0.5msv

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9
Q

Where do you place a personnel dosimeter when you’re not wearing a lead apron?

A

At collar level

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10
Q

Placement of personnel dosimeter when wearing a lead apron?

A

At collar level on the outside of the protective apron

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11
Q

Placement of personnel dosimeter when tech has two personnel dosimeters AND wearing a lead apron?

A

At collar level on outside, one at waist level beneath the apron

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12
Q

Placement of personnel dosimeter when tech is pregnant

A

Worn underneath lead apron at waist level and outside at collar level (?)

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13
Q

What are the types of personnel dosimeters?

A

Film badge, TLD, OSL, pocket dosimeter

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14
Q

Which dosimeter relies on the ability of ionizing radiation to affect a density change on film emulsion ?

A

Film badge

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15
Q

The TLD (_______) functional component is the ____________. Readings are made by heating the _______ clip to a point of combustion.

A

Thermoluminescent dosimeter, lithium fluoride

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16
Q

Which personnel dosimeter contains an aluminum oxide detector and is exposure to a laser light?

A

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSL)

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17
Q

The Pocket Dosimeter gives ______ readings and ionizes _______ in the chamber with the electrical charge reading out by introducing a signal.

A

Instant, gas

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18
Q

Personal dosimeters from MOST to LEAST radiosensitive

A

Pocket dosimeter, OSL, TLD, Film Badge

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19
Q

3 categories of radiation survey instruments for area monitoring

A
  1. Those w/o a readout scale
  2. Those with a readout scale
  3. Ionization chamber based
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20
Q

______ ________ tube is the most common. Serves as a primary portable radiation survey instrument for area monitoring in nuclear medicine facilities.

A

Geiger-Muller

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21
Q

Gas filled detectors include

A
  1. Ionization chamber type survey meter (cutie pie)
  2. Proportional counter
  3. GM survey meter
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22
Q

Which gas -filled detector is used to measure alpha and beta radiation and is not useful in diagnostic imaging ?

A

Proportional counter

23
Q

Which gas-filled detector is used for x-radiation from radiographic and fluoroscopic x-ray equipment and is used for radiation protection surveys?

A

Cutie pie

24
Q

What are x-ray beam limitation devices made of?

A

Lead

25
Q

Simplest type of beam limitation device. Flat, lead plate with hole in the middle. Hole will be slightly smaller than IR. Fits below x-ray tube window. Utilized for equipment with a fixed SID and fixed IR size. FOV is not adjustable.

A

Aperture diaphragm

26
Q

Techs can control. Length and width can be adjusted. Uses light localization to give us our size and shape. (Manual)

A

Variable aperture collimators

27
Q

Circular shape. Attaches to the bottom of the collimator housing. EX: dental, facial bones, sinuses

A

Cylinders and cones

28
Q

Gives us the exact size of the structure that is selected. Automatic

A

Positive beam limitation

29
Q

A properly collimated beam can

A

Reduce scatter and reduce pt dose (reducing pt dose=^ quality of image)

30
Q

Typically composed of aluminum and expressed in mmAl/eq.

A

Filtration

31
Q

What is the primary purpose of filtration?

A

Removes low energy photons from reaching the IR and reduces scatter

32
Q

What effects does filtration have on average beam energy?

A

Removes low energy, nondiagnostic x-ray photons from the beam
Hardens the beam by increasing the effective energy and quality of the beam
Expressed as a % of beam penetration (what percentage of the beam has penetrated the patient)
Increasing filtration=Decreases exposure rate

33
Q

What does inherent filtration consist of?

A

Exists in the construction of the tube.
Glass envelope, insulating oil, collimation mirrors
0.5-1mmAl/eq

34
Q

What does added filtration consist of?

A

Layers of aluminum placed in the path of a primary beam to increase total filtration
EX: mammography

35
Q

What does total filtration consist of?

A

Inherent + Added

36
Q

Total Filtration Guidelines state that any tube operating above ______ must have a minimum of _____ filtration.

A

70kvp, 2.5mmAl/eq

37
Q

Total filtration for kvp ranges below 50kvp

A

0.5mmAl/eq

38
Q

Total filtration for kvp ranges from 50-70kvp

A

1.5mmAl/eq

39
Q

Total filtration for kvp ranges above 70kvp

A

2.5mmAl/eq

40
Q

What must be measured to verify that the x-ray beam is adequately filtered?

A

Half value layer

41
Q

When discussing the actual x-ray tube, HVL is expressed in

A

MmAl

42
Q

Compensating filters are commonly made of

A

Aluminum, lead acrylic, and other suitable materials

43
Q

Compensating filters partially attenuates the x-rays directed to the ________ areas while permitting more x-radiation to strike the thicker, more dense area

A

Thinner

44
Q

Compensating filters partially attenuates the x-rays directed to the ________ areas while permitting more x-radiation to strike the thicker, more dense area

A

Thinner

45
Q

AEC

A

Automatic Exposure Control

46
Q

Another term for AEC

A

Phototiming

47
Q

AECs are designed to produce an acceptable image while ______ radiation exposure to the patient

A

Limiting

48
Q

Todays AEC systems utilize ______

A

Ionization chambers

49
Q

What are grids constructed of?

A

Parallel stripes (radiopaque strip)

50
Q

Using a grid requires

A

More exposure

51
Q

Grids are used on body parts that are more than _____cm thick (______in)

A

10cm, 4in.

52
Q

_______ mAs is needed with an ______ in grid ratio

A

Increased, increase

53
Q

Increasing grid ratio=_____ scatter=______ quality=________ patient dose

A

Decreases, increases, increases

54
Q

Grids higher than ______ are not usually used in Diagnostic imaging

A

12:1

Radiation Protection (5 decks)

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