Ch. 4

Question 1

Discovery of x-rays

Answer 1

Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen on November 8,1895. Use of Crookes tube, experimented with vacuums and energy. Barium plantocyanide paper fluoresced.

Question 2

First American radiation fatality

Answer 2

Clarence Dally (Edison’s assistant)

Question 3

First reports of somatic damage resulted from

Answer 3

Excessive occupational radiation exposure for early pioneers and excessive exposure to patients

Question 4

Results of excessive occupational and patient exposure (first reports of injur)

Answer 4

Radiodermatitis, cancer, blood disorders

Question 5

Due to the increasing number of radiation injuries reported the ______ was created in _____

Answer 5

British x-ray and radium protection committee, 1921

Question 6

Early tissue reaction examples

Answer 6

Nausea, fatigue, diffuse redness of the skin, loss of hair, intestinal disorders, fever, blood disorders, shedding of the outer layer of skin

Question 7

Late tissue reactions examples

Answer 7

Cataracts, fibrosis, organ atrophy, los of parenchymal cells, reduced fertility, sterility

Question 8

Stochastic effects examples

Answer 8

Cancer, genetic (hereditary) effects

Question 9

Tolerance dose was replaced by _____ in early 1950s.

Answer 9

MPD (maximum permissible dose)

Question 10

ICRU adopted SI units for use with ionizing radiation in

Answer 10

1980

Question 11

NCRP adopted SI units for use in

Answer 11

1985

Question 12

ICRP adopted the term effective dose in

Answer 12

1991

Question 13

The SI unit of electric current

Answer 13

Ampere

Question 14

Gradually replacing the traditional quantity of exposure is

Answer 14

Air kerma

Question 15

Acronym for KERMA

Answer 15

Kinetic energy released in air
Kinetic energy released in material
Kinetic energy released per unit mass

Question 16

Sum of total air kerma over the exposed area of the patient surface, or a measure of the amount of radiant energu that has been thrust into a portion of the patients body surface. Measured in units of mGy-cm^2

Answer 16

DAP
Dose area product

Question 17

Absorbed dose is depended on

Answer 17

Atom number of the tissue
Mass density of the tissue
Energy of the incident photon