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Question 1

why do we need food?

Answer 1

support daily activities and keep us warm, provides raw materials for growth and repair, important for us to maintain health

Question 2

Carbohydrates (3 types)

Answer 2

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 3

lipids

formed from…

Answer 3

formed from condensation of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule

Question 4

How are proteins formed?

Answer 4

amino acids > dipeptide > polypeptide

Question 5

function of carbohydrates 5

Answer 5

main energy source

glucose is directly broken down to release energy

starch is food storage in plants

glycogen is storage in liver and muscles

cellulose is a source of dietary fibre

Question 6

lipids functions 5

Answer 6

energy reserves
stored in adipose tissues, under skin as subcutaneous fat around internal organs
shock absorber, heat insulator
transporting and storing lipid soluble vitamins
form cell membranes and hormones

Question 7

proteins functions 3

and 1 deficiency called..

Answer 7

growth and repair of body tissues

form enzymes, antibodies, hormones

broken down to release energy when carbs and lipids are used up

kwashiorkor

Question 8

calcium functions

formation of… and 3 processes

+ deficiency

Answer 8

formation of bones and teeth

blood clotting, sending messages to nervous system, muscle contraction

rickets and osteoporosis

Question 9

iron 1

+ deficiency

Answer 9

formation of haemoglobin

anaemia

Question 10

vitamin A

functions 3

+ deficiency 3

Answer 10

lipid soluble

forms pigment in retina

keeps skin, cornea, lining of alimentary canal and breathing system healthy

night blindness, drying up of cornea and skin, easy infection of the lining of lungs and trachea

Question 11

vitamin C
functions 4
+ deficiency

Answer 11

water soluble
growth and repair of connective tissues
promotes absorption of iron
helps immune system work properly
scurvy
-weak and bleeding gums
-poor healing of wounds
-small red spots on skin
-joint pain

Question 12

vitamin D

functions 2

+ deficiency

Answer 12

lipid soluble

promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate ions

rickets

Question 13

dietary fibre 1

+ deficiency

Answer 13

adds bulk to food to stimulate peristalsis, allows faeces to be passed out easily
constipation or colorectal cancer

Question 14

test for glucose

Answer 14

glucose test paper

Question 15

test for reducing sugars (+process)

Answer 15

Benedict’s test: mix equal volumes of glucose solution and Benedict’s solution > boil in water bath for 5 mins > brick red precipitate = presence

Question 16

test for starch

Answer 16

iodine test: from brown to blue-black

Question 17

test for protein

Answer 17

protein test paper

Question 18

test for lipid

Answer 18

grease spot test:

a translucent spot is left, which disappears after immersing it an organic solvent

Question 19

test for vitamin c

Answer 19

DCPIP solution, decolourization of the DCPIP solution(if positive)

the more drops of non dcpip solution (the testing substrate) the less concentration it is !!)

Question 20

eating too little 2 diseases

Answer 20

anorexia nervosa: undereating

and

bulimia nervosa: after eating getting the food out

Question 21

eating too much 2 diseases and risks

Answer 21

overweight > obesity

risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and arthritis

Question 22

food pyramid from top to bottom total 6

Answer 22

1 fat, oil, salt, sugar
2 dairy products
3 meat, eggs and beans
4 vegetables
5 fruits
6 cereals and grains

Question 23

purpose of the food pyramid

Answer 23

balanced diet, consist right amount and proportions

Question 24

age: children and teens are growing actively, need large amount of __, ___, __
children require ___ because they have the highest ___ rate , ____ rate, ___ rate
_____ is the highest among all age groups

Answer 24

protein, calcium, iron
the greatest amount of energy per body unit mass
highest growth, metabolic, heat loss rate
surface area to volume ratio

Question 25

sex: males generally need more __ than females
because they have a ___ due to ___
males need more ___ for the ____
female need more ___ to replace ___

Answer 25

energy
higher metabolic rate due to their larger body size and being more muscular, have less subcutaneous fat under skin, lose heat more rapidly
proteins for the growth and repair of muscles
iron to replace iron loss during menstruation

Question 26

level of activity: higher energy level need more ____ rich foods

Answer 26

carbohydrates

Question 27

body status
pregnant women need more ___ and ___ for the growth of ___
___ mothers need extrasupply of various of nutrients for ___

Answer 27

protein and energy
foetus
breast-feeding
milk production