Ch5

Question 1

Erikson’s First 3 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 1

Basic trust vs mistrust (basic needs are to be met)

Autonomy vs shame and doubt (exploring the world or being sheltered from basics of life)

Initiative vs guilt ( engaging with others)

Question 2

What are the understandings of the growth of attachment?

Answer 2

caregivers are key for trust vs mistrust stage

our species depend on attachment for either emotional/physical needs

Question 3

What are Bowlby’s proposed four stages of attachment?

Answer 3

Preattachment stage ( birth to 6-8 weeks)

Question 4

What are the consequences of attachment?

Answer 4

infant + parent attachment lays the foundation for future relationships

based on that relationship, future relationships will either be successful or fail

Question 5

What determines quality of attachment?

Answer 5

secure attachment results from predictable, sensitive, and responsive parenting

being too dependent on parents prevents the kid from learning to be independent

Question 6

What is Ainsworth’s strange situation paradigm?

Answer 6

Child and mother together

Mother leaves

mother returns

Question 7

First two types of attachment?

Answer 7

Secure attachment - baby either cries or doesn’t cry when mom leaves; wants to be with mom when returns

Avoidant - not upset with separation; avoidant when mom returns

Question 8

What are the last two types of attachment?

Answer 8

Resistant attachment - separation upset; upset after return and can’t be consoled

Disorganized attachment - separation and return confuses baby, doesn’t know how to respond

Question 9

What does playing do for child development?

Answer 9

social skills, creativity, imagination, fine motor skills

Question 10

What happens to children that spend too much time in child care?

Answer 10

especially if low-quality, more aggressive and more conflict because of less self-control

Question 11

What are the functions of emotions?

Answer 11

guiding behavior and facilitating behavior

Question 12

When do infants become wary of others?

Answer 12

6 months infants develop stranger wariness

Question 13

When do complex emotions develop?

Answer 13

around 18-24 months guilt, embarrassment, and pride develop

Question 14

When can infants differentiate emotions?

Answer 14

4-6 months they can tell the difference between faces of happiness, sadness, and fear

Question 15

What happens at 3 years old?

Answer 15

Children begin to prefer playing with same-sex

gender based types of play

Question 16

What roles do parents take?

Answer 16

playmate, social director, coach, mediator

Question 17

What is altruism?

Answer 17

prosocial behaviors not directly benefitting the self, but driven by feelings of responsibility towards others

Question 18

What are the contributions of Heredity?

Answer 18

genes influence aspects of temperament related to prosocial behavior

Question 19

How do parents influence children to be more prosocial?

Answer 19

be warm and concerning to others

use reason for discipline, let children interact with others