Ch44 Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Type 1 diabetes risk factors
-Family history
-Environmental triggers
-mumps,rubella,coxsackie B4
-toxic chemicals cows milk
Type 1 diabetes Mellitus pathophysiology
Absolute lack of insulin
Triggered by autoimmune process(celiac,thyroid,addisons disease)
Insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed
Type 1 diabetes mellitus clinical manifestations
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Fatigue
Weight loss
Type 1 diabetes mellitus medical diagnosis
Hba1c
Fasting blood glucose
Two hour post pra dial glucose test
Type 1 diabetes mellitus complications
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemia
Dawn phenomenon abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar (glucose) — usually between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m
Somogyi effect If the blood sugar level drops too low in the early morning hours
Insulin is released from the beta cells of the pancreas,glucagon is released from the what cells of the pancreas
Alpha
Glucose arrives in the bloodstream one of three sources
- Carbs eaten by mouth converted to glucose
- Glucose released from stored glycogen in muscles and liver cells
3.Glucose newly created in the liver or kidney cells
Gestational diabetes
Any degree of glucose intolerance
-Women with a history of gestational diabetes have a greatly increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 15 years of the birth
Type 1 diabetes mellitus ethnic group
Prevalent in European ancestry
Lab values for diabetes mellitus
Fasting blood glucose greater than 126
2hr post pra dial greater than 200
Hba1c greater than 6.5
Random blood glucose greater than 200
The most typical insulin concentration
U-100
Rapid acting insulin
Onset 15-30 min
Peak 30-90min
Duration 3-5hr
Humalog/lispro
Novolog/aspart
Regular insulin
Onset 30-60 min
Peak 2-5 hr
Duration 5-8hr
Intermediate acting
NPH
Onset 1-2hrs
Peak 4-12 hrs
Duration 18-24hrs
DKA
inadequate insulin
-seum bicarbate less than 18
blood glucose level greater than 250
kussmaul resp
fruity breath
polyuria
blurred vision
