Ch 46 Visual Disorders Flashcards
Myopia
Nearsightedness
-eyeball larger than normal
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
-eyeball smaller than normal
Astigmatism
Misshaped cornea prevents light rays entering the eye from focusing to a single point on the retina
Oval instead of round
-near and distant are blurry
Clinical manifestations-squinting,headaches,blurry vision
Presbyopia
Normal part of aging
Loss of lens elasticity
Around age 45
-inability to focus on objects held close to the face
-reading glasses
Often times babies and children are slightly
Hyperopic-near by is blurry
Orthokeratology
Nonsurgical option to reshape the cornea patient wears a special contact lens that slowly reshapes the cornea and corrects myopia overtime
Conjunctivitis (pink-eye)
Inflammation of the conjunctivae of the eye
-viral more common than bacteria
Clinical manifestations
-tearing
-lid crusting
-itchy
-puffy eyes
-pink red sclera
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergy causing substance such as pollen or dander (red,pink sclera, itching burning,tearing,puffy eyelids
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Microbe or bacteria gritty sensation in the eye (feels like sand) eye discharge in the morning purulent
Viral conjunctivitis
Inflammation due to virus often seen in colds, upper respiratory tract watery discharge
Chlamydia conjunctivitis
Sti can be passed during birth to mother to child -can cause blindness
Contact lens conjunctivitis
Hypersensitivity to chemical use to make contact lens
Mechanical conjunctivitis
Eyelash,foreign body
Con
Cataracts
Clouding of the eye lens
Risk factors-exposure to uv light,age,family,history,African American,diabetes,long term lead exposure,obesity
Signs and symptoms of cataracts
Clouded,blurred vision night vision difficulty,sensitivity to light,yellowing of colors, double vision in single eye,halo vision
Surgery done on one eye and scheduled for the other eye several weeks later
-surgery increases risk for retinal detachment
Cataract surgery
Phacoemulsification
Extracapsular extraction
Intracapsular extraction
Post op care of cataract
-protective eye glasses,eye drops,ability to drive follow up appointments
Glaucoma
High IOp greater than 21-inadequate draining of aqueous humor
Risk factors-African Americans,family history, diabetes,hypothyroidism,myopia,prolonged corticosteroids use
Normal tension glaucoma
Japanese,optic nerve IOP between 12-22
Primary open angle
Most common no symptoms
