Ch.4 Vocab Cards Flashcards
Digestion
Process by which food is broken down into simpler molecules that can be absorbed
Chemical digestion
The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules
Mechanical digestion
The physical breakdown of the food
The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules
Enzyme
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst
How does the movement of circular and longitudinal muscles work together to move a bolus down
the intestines?
Food is moved through the digestive system by a process called peristalsis . The muscles in the oesophagus contract above the bolus to push food down the oesophagus. The muscles work together to produce wave-like contractions. These have a squeezing action that pushes the bolus through the gut.
Pancreas
Leaf-like organ below the stomach with a duct that leads to the None duodenum, produces many enzymes needed by the duodenum of digestion, also produces insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar
Duodenum
Main site for absorption, contains millions of vili
Ileum
Main site for absorption, contains millions of vili which contain microvilli to increase surface area for absorption into the blood, lacteals absorb fat droplets and the products of lipid digestion, last part of the small intestine.
Liver
Large organ near the stomach, produces bile, stores glycogen, and breaks down toxins, important in the production of urine from amino acids.
Gall bladder
Small organ near the liver that stores the bile produced from it.
Villus
Tiny hair-like projections that line the inside of the small intestine. They contain blood vessels and help absorb nutrients.
Colon
Absorption of water from faeces, also produces a small amount of vitamins like vitamin K
Rectum
Stores faeces, last part of large intestine.
Anus
Faeces exit here, egestion
Hepatic Portal Vein
Blood vessel transporting the products of digestion from the ileum to the liver
Lipase (converts to…)
Lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Protease (converts to…)
Protein
Amylase
Carbohydrate
Maltase
Converts to glucose, carbohydrate
Saliva
watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion
Bile
a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
Egestion
the act of excreting unusable or undigested material from a cell
Excretion
the removal of the waste substances of metabolic reactions (the chemical reactions that take place inside cells), toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements
