Ch.3 Vocab Cards

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Chemical reaction taking place in cells, where glucose is broken down to release energy

Question 2

Thorax

Answer 2

Chest, which includes the ribcage enclosing the heart and lungs

Question 3

Diaphragm

Answer 3

Muscular sheet separating the thorax from abdomen. Involved in the mechanism that ventilates the lungs

Question 4

Intercostal muscles

Answer 4

Two sets of antagonistic muscles lying between the ribs. Contract and relax to move the ribs in order to ventilate the lungs

Question 5

Bronchial tree

Answer 5

Branching network of air passages in the lungs

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

‘Windpipe’ leading from the nose and mouth to the bronchi

Question 7

Bronchi (singular; bronchus)

Answer 7

Tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs

Question 8

Bronchioles

Answer 8

Small air passages leading from the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 9

Alveoli (singular; alveolus)

Answer 9

Microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the gas exchange takes place

Question 10

Cartilage

Answer 10

Tough tissue present in several places in the body, such as rings in the trachea and between the bones at a joint

Question 11

Pleural membranes

Answer 11

Two layers of membrane forming a continuous envelope around the lungs

Question 12

Pleural cavity

Answer 12

Space between the pleural membranes

Question 13

Pleural fluid

Answer 13

Thin layer of liquid filling the pleural cavity

Question 14

Ventilation

Answer 14

Movement of the air in and out of the lungs

Question 15

Bronchitis

Answer 15

Lung disease caused by irritation of the bronchial tree and infection by bacteria , resulting in breathing difficulties

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

Lung disease where the walls of the alveoli break down and fuse together again, forming air spaces with a reduced surface area. It results in breathing difficulties

Question 17

(Control) group

Answer 17

Part of an experiment which is set up to show that other variables are not having an effect on the outcome of the experiment

Question 18

Nicotine

Answer 18

Addictive drug present in tobacco and cigarette smoke

Question 19

Carcinogens

Answer 19

Something that causes cancer, e.g. a chemical or radiation

Question 20

Tumour

Answer 20

Mass of cells produced by mutation and uncontrolled cell division

Question 21

Carbon monoxide

Answer 21

Toxic gas present in car exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke

Question 22

Haemoglobin

Answer 22

Chemical present in red blood cells that combines with oxygen and carries it around the body

Question 23

Carboxyhaemoglobin

Answer 23

Substance formed when carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin, displacing oxygen from the haemoglobin

Question 24

Fetus

Answer 24

Unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human embryo more than 2 months after fertilisation, when it shows recognisably human features

Question 25

Mucus

Answer 25

Sticky liquid secreted by cells lining the trachea and bronchi to trap dust and bacteria

Question 26

Cilia (singular; cilium)

Answer 26

Microscopic hair-like projections from the surface of some animal cells, such as those lining the trachea and bronchi. Beating cilia moves mucus and trapped particles towards the mouth