Ch.4 Test

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

pH of 6.9 and below

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

pH of 7.1 and above

Question 3

How does the pH operate as a logarithmic function?

Answer 3

negative base 10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Question 4

Activation energy and how does it affect a chemical reaction?

Answer 4

amount of energy needed to cause a reaction to start

Question 5

How does an enzyme/catalyst change the activation energy?

Answer 5

changes the activation energy by lowering it

Question 6

Stoichiometric equation for photosynthesis

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 7

Stoichiometric equation for cellular respiration

Answer 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 8

What are the products formed in photosynthesis

Answer 8

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 9

What are the products formed in cellular respiration

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 10

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 10

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 11

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 11

when converting from one form to another there is always a loss of useful energy; entropy a measure of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do work

Question 12

Potential energy

Answer 12

energy matter has because of its position

Question 13

Kinetic energy

Answer 13

energy contained in moving objects

Question 14

Forces that drive the transition phases in water from solid to gas

Answer 14

temperature and pressure; sublimation: endothermic phase transition

Question 15

What type of energy is lost most often in energy conversions?

Answer 15

heat

Question 16

How does the efficiency of energy conversion vary in reactions involving changing electricity into light?

Answer 16

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Question 17

What are the byproducts of industrial energy conversion?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Members of the halogen family

Answer 18

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine

Question 19

What are halogens

Answer 19

reactive nonmetallic elements that form strong acidic compounds with hydrogen, thus producing simple salts

Question 20

Members of the noble gas family

Answer 20

helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon

Question 21

What part(s) of the atom interact with other atoms in a typical molecular reaction?

Answer 21

electrons

Question 22

A hypothesis can eventually become a theory only if it can…

Answer 22

be proven true

Question 23

What are the orderly steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 23

1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. design & experiment
5. use of statistical tests to evaluate results’ significance
6. acceptance or rejection

Question 24

Atomic theory

Answer 24

all matter is made up of tiny invisible particles (atoms)

Question 25

Components of the atom

Answer 25

electrons and protons & neutrons in the nucleus

Question 26

How is an ion formed

Answer 26

when an atom/molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons, thus giving it either a positive or negative charge

Question 27

Example of an ion

Answer 27

H2O molecule, polar —> unequal sharing of electrons thus molecule is slightly negative

Question 28

Isotope

Answer 28

different form of an element where the number of neutrons are different in comparison to the common form of the element

Question 29

Example of an isotope

Answer 29

C-14, 8 neutrons 6 protons

Question 30

Mixture

Answer 30

variable combinations of atoms/molecules

*components don’t react

Question 31

Compound

Answer 31

molecule containing two or more different types of atoms

*components react and original properties are lost

Question 32

How does water exist as hydronium

Answer 32

when a positively charged hydrogen ion bonds with an H2O molecule through a covalent bond

Question 33

How does water exist as hydroxide

Answer 33

through the loss of a proton from an H2O molecule

Question 34

Look at camera roll for energy flow chart

Answer 34

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Question 35

Independent variable

Answer 35

variable that is manipulated

Question 36

Dependent variable

Answer 36

variable that is measured

Question 37

Control group

Answer 37

used as a comparison