Ch.16 vocab

Question 1

contains most of the water vapor of the atmosphere and is where weather takes place

Answer 1

troposphere

Question 2

contains most of the ozone (absorbs sunlight)

Answer 2

stratosphere

Question 3

layer with increasing temperature

Answer 3

thermosphere

Question 4

layer with decreasing temperature

Answer 4

mesosphere

Question 5

composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

Answer 5

atmosphere

Question 6

types of unmodified materials that, when released into the environment in sufficient quantities, are considered hazardous

Answer 6

primary air pollutant

Question 7

pollutants produced by the interaction of primary air pollutants in the presence of an appropriate energy source

Answer 7

secondary air pollutant

Question 8

those air pollutants for which specific air quality standards have been set by the us environmental protection agency

Answer 8

criteria air pollutants

Question 9

a primary air pollutant produced when organic materials, such as gasoline, coal, wood, and trash are incompletely burned

Answer 9

carbon monoxide

Question 10

minute solid particles and liquid droplets dispersed into the atmosphere

Answer 10

particulate matter

Question 11

“cancer causing”

Answer 11

carcinogenic

Question 12

compound of sulfur and oxygen that is produced when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned

Answer 12

sulfur dioxide

Question 13

burning of fossil fuels produces a mixture of nitrogen– containing compounds commonly known as..

Answer 13

nitrogen oxides/oxides of nitrogen

Question 14

metal that enters the body when we inhale airborne particles or consume, accumulates in body and causes variety of health problems

Answer 14

lead (Pb)

Question 15

mixture of pollutants including ozone, aldehydes, and peroxyacetyl nitrates that results from the interaction of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, and volatile organic compounds with sunlight in a warm environment

Answer 15

photochemical smog

Question 16

condition in which warm air in a valley is sandwiches between two layers of cold air and acts like a lid on a valley

Answer 16

thermal inversion

Question 17

airborne organic compounds; primary air pollutants

Answer 17

volatile organic compounds

Question 18

primary source of several important air pollutants: carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides; ozone is secondary pollutant of automobile use

Answer 18

motor vehicle emissions

Question 19

primary pollutants associated with electric power plants are particulates, sulfur dioxide, ad nitrogen oxides

Answer 19

power plant emissions

Question 20

carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide

Answer 20

greenhouse gases

Question 21

development of an international agreement on greenhouse emissions

Answer 21

kyoto protocol

Question 22

amended in 1970, ‘77, ‘90; primary means of controlling air pollution

Answer 22

clean air act

Question 23

deposition of wet acidic solutions or dry acidic particles from air

Answer 23

acid rain

Question 24

molecule consisting of the sun’s UV energy before it reaches the earth’s surface

Answer 24

ozone

Question 25

chlorofluorocarbons and similar compounds can release chlorine atoms, which can lead to the destruction of the ozone

Answer 25

ozone depletion

Question 26

region of the earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun’s UV radiation

Answer 26

ozone layer

Question 27

property of CO2 that allows light energy to pass through the atmosphere but prevents heat from leaving

Answer 27

greenhouse effect

Question 28

normal component of the earth’s atmosphere that in elevated concentrations may interfere with the earth’s heat budget

Answer 28

carbon dioxide

Question 29

organic compound produced by living organisms that is a greenhouse gas

Answer 29

methane (CH4)

Question 30

level of the sea’s surface

Answer 30

sea level

Question 31

any accumulation of organic material produced by living things

Answer 31

biomass

Question 32

a change in global or regional climate patterns

Answer 32

climate change

Question 33

harmful/annoying levels of noise

Answer 33

noise pollution

Question 34

chemical, biological, and physical concentration of indoor air

Answer 34

indoor air pollution

Question 35

smoke exhaled by smoker or smoke emitted from burning tobacco

Answer 35

secondhand smoke

Question 36

inert radioactive gas with a half-life of 3.8 days, formed during breakdown of uranium, seeps naturally from soils and rocks below buildings and is the 2nd most common cause of lung cancer

Answer 36

radon

Question 37

a unit used to measure the loudness of sound

Answer 37

decibels

Question 38

accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface

Answer 38

acid deposition

Question 39

group of organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms that are evaporated from fuel supplies or are remnants of the fuel that did not burn completely and that act as a primary air pollutant

Answer 39

hydrocarbon (HC)

Question 40

sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air, many which are hazardous; includes both organic and inorganic particles such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets

Answer 40

particulate matter emissions