Ch.4 Materials Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Alloy

A

A metal produced by mixing other metals.Developed to improve properties not found on the original metal. Examples: Steel-Carbon and iron
Bronze-Copper and Tin

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2
Q

Composite

A

Materials that combine two or more other materials to form a new material. Can be natural or synthetic. Examples: Concrete-Cement, gravel, rocks, water
Wood- Cellulose fibers and resin
Carbon Fiber

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3
Q

Density

A

The degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume (kg/m^3).

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4
Q

Electrical Resistivity

A

The measure of the ease with which free electrons move through a material. High resistivity means it is difficult to move.

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5
Q

Thermal Conductivity

A

Measure of the efficiency with which thermal energy will travel through a material.
Generally, materials that conduct electricity well, conduct heat well.

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6
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

When materials are heated they gain thermal energy.
This energy leads to an increase in atomic vibrations and atomic separation.
Therefore the overall dimensions of the part increase.

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7
Q

Hardness

A

The resistance of a material to scratching, penetration or cutting.
There are multiple “Hardness Scales”. Some include:
Brinell
Rockwell
Vickers and
Mohs

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8
Q

Tensile Strength

A

A measure of a material’s resistance to deformation from a tensile or stretching load.

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9
Q

Stiffness

A

A material’s resistance to deflection.

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10
Q

Toughness

A

The ability of a material to resist the propagation of cracks.

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11
Q

Ductility

A

The ability of a material to undergo plastic deformation by the application of tensile forces.
If a material can be drawn into a wire, it is ductile.
Think of stretching taffy candy.

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12
Q

Laminated timber

A

Wood cut into thin sheets of 2-3mm called veneers.
Veneers are glued back together with the grains being perpendicular to the sheet above it.
Produces a very strong sheet of timber.
Commonly called plywood.

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13
Q

Particle Board

A

Manufactured by gluing small flakes, chips or pieces of timber together under pressure.
Chipboard is a common example
Cheap to manufacture
Can have decorative veneers added.

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