Ch4: Assessing Roles and Competence

Question 1

Occupational Performance

Answer 1

The ability to carry out basic activities of daily living (BADL) or activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), education, work, play, or leisure, and social participation

Question 2

Evaluation of Occupational Performance

Answer 2

-Begins with semistructured interview to assess clients needs, problems, and concerns regarding role participation in daily life tasks and activities; During this, OT gathers info about the tasks and roles that are most important to them and activities the client can or can’t do
-After identifying areas of difficulty in occupational performance, OT completes further assessments (either impairment-based or disease-specific) to clarify factors that limit performance
-If limiting factors can be improved or eliminated by direct intervention, an intervention approach can be chosen that is appropriate for the problem
-If not, OT teaches them to compensate for these limitations by adapting the task or changing the environment

Question 3

Occupational Performance is dependent on…

Answer 3

-Culture, Gender, and Roles that the individual wishes to undertake as well as the environment (personal concept)

Question 4

Assessments should be done using what approach?

Answer 4

Top-Down

Question 5

Top-Down Approach to Assessment

Answer 5

-Begins with eval of roles, tasks, and activities
-Includes consideration of the individuals environment and incorporates consideration of personal, social, and cultural context
-Assessment does not ignore more basic abilities or performance skills that enable occupational performance (strength, endurance, problem solving, or depth perception) but rather begins with a function based assessment of the tasks and activities the client needs, wants, or is expected to accomplish and is having difficulty performing

Question 6

Life Roles

Answer 6

-Self Maintenance (independent person, caregiver and home maintainer)
-Self Enhancement (friend and moviegoer)
-Self Advancement (worker and student)

Question 7

World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

Answer 7

-OT first assess activities and participation, evaluating impairments in body functions (performance skills) as needed to explain difficulties in performance
-Beginning with focus on needs and considering roles and environment, OT acknowledges their values and goals

Question 8

Timing, Sequence, and Settings for Evaluating Occupational Performance

Answer 8

-Competence in occupational performance areas is evaluated over time based on clients needs and interests
-Assessments of self-care and personal mobility are done early to form the basis of planning restorative therapy and/or adaptations to optimize ADL
-As recovery continues and discharge plans are considered, further evals are used to assess clients ability to manage a home, child care responsibilities, gain access to home and community, engage in leisure and family rec, or return to valued work or education

Question 9

Evaluation of a clients performance should take place in…

Answer 9

The environment in which tasks typically occur when possible (individuals perform differently in different settings)

Question 10

Measurement Concepts

Answer 10

Include whether the assessment is a standardized measure with established reliability and validity, its responsiveness to change, level of measurement, and clinical utility, and whether is involves direct observation or self-report

Question 11

Standardized Assessment (properties of the assessment)

Answer 11

A published assessment tool that provides detailed instructions on test administration and scoring and has published results of reliability and validity

Question 12

Reliable Assessment (properties of the assessment)

Answer 12

Consistently measures the attribute under study, no matter who is scoring (interrater reliability) or when the assessment occurs (test-retest reliability)

Question 13

Valid Assessment (properties of the assessment)

Answer 13

Measures what it claims to measure
-Content Validity: Test items represent the area being tested (some may be more important than others)

Question 14

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recommend the use of…

Answer 14

Validated tests and measures when assessing a clients functional abilities and needs
-Many private insurers follow these guidelines so it is critical that OT use objective measures to reliably document occupational performance for all clients receiving services

Question 15

Responsiveness of Assessment

Answer 15

Directly related to the number of items on an assessment and the number of categories on the scoring scale

Question 16

Level of Measurement

Answer 16

Contributes to the tests responsiveness or sensitivity in detecting clinical change

Question 17

Ordinal (level of measurement)

Answer 17

Scores are rank ordered to indicate the clients performance
(Used for most evals of roles, tasks, and activities)

Question 18

Reevaluation

Answer 18

Performed to monitor clients response to therapy
At a minimum, performance should be recorded at admission and discharge to be used for program eval, to justify OT services to third-party payers, in legal actions, or to determine if patient should be discharges home or to an extended care facility

Question 19

Discharge Evals

Answer 19

Can aid transitions from one level of care to the next (rehab hospital to home-based therapy) by providing valuable info about the clients abilities ad occupational performance needs

Question 20

Clinically Significant Change Score

Answer 20

Difference exceeds the measurement error that typically occurs during routine test administration

Question 21

Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID)

Answer 21

-More commonly used index of change
-Can be calculated for a standardized assessment and used to demonstrate that changes in occupational performance exceed measurement error and are clinically meaningful
(used by many standardized tests)

Question 22

Clinical Utility

Answer 22

All of the practical factors of an instrument including cost, the amount of training needed, availability of a manual with clear instructions, and ease of administration and interpretation
-Most managers in OT settings prefer to use assessments that efficiently provide useful info for treatment planning and evaluating client outcomes

Question 23

Direct Observation vs. Self-Report

Answer 23

-Observation of activities that are important to the client is the most direct method of assessing competence in occupational performance
-Preferred for accuracy, detection of insufficient or unsafe methods, and determining the underlying reason(s) that a task cannot be performed; Can be time consuming and costly
-Self-Report of ones competence in occupational tasks and roles through interviews is often the easiest, fastest, and least expensive method of assessing functional abilities and may inform the direct observation of selected activities (concern these may not reflect what the person can do)

Question 24

If a client reports questionable data and does not allow direct observation, the OT should…

Answer 24

Verify the report with others who have knowledge of the license actual performance
-False info may be related to lack of insight and limited awareness of abilities and needs, not necessary a conscious intention to deceive
-In these cases, proxy reports and interviews with family members or caregivers can provide additional info about client performance from the family’s perspective

Question 25

Assessment Method chosen for a client will depend on...

Answer 25

The nature of the disability, supportiveness of the clients environment, and time constraints encountered during rehab

Question 26

Assessing outcomes

Answer 26

Some measures are administered to quantify the overalll benefits or outcomes of intervention (ex. Austrlian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMS-OT)

Question 27

Austrlian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMS-OT)

Answer 27

Developed with ICF consistent terminology and provides a snapshot of the clients occupational performance across four domains of functioning (Impairment, activity, participation and distress/well-being) -Suitable for clients of varied diagnoses and ages across treatment settings, and consists of 12 function focused scales (learning and applying knowledge, upper limb use, self-care, and domestic life etc.)

Question 28

How to use the AusTOM-OT

Answer 28

-The OT administers standardized assessments, works collaboratively with the client to select goals for therapy, then chooses related AusTOMS-OT scales (Ex. self-care or functional walking and mobility) for scoring -4 scores are given for each of the selected scales to reflect the OTs perception of performance impairments in relation to the four domains

Question 29

Purpose for using the AusTOMS-OT

Answer 29

-Quick and easy to use measurement tool -Strong potential to document change in patients status over the course of therapy and allows the therapist and client to examine the effectiveness of intervention -Unique approach, focused on occupational performance, allows for a single assessment of the clients strengths and limitations across ICF domains

Question 30

A comprehensive top-down assessment of occupational performance begins with...

Answer 30

An overview and identification of a clients occupational needs -Followed by eval of their engagement and competence in life roles and tasks -Continues with an assessment of the abilities or performance skills (ex. coordination, strength, and organization) needed to accomplish valued activities

Question 31

Identification of Occupational Performance Needs

Answer 31

A client centered OT assessment recognizes that engagement in life roles and occupations of ones choice is a personal issue and that the clients perception is an important force that drives the OT process

Question 32

Info about an individual's occupational roles and tasks, developmental stage, and the environment in which they live in is best obtained through...

Answer 32

Intervier -Can be done through informal narrative interviews, more structured interview-based assessments are recommended

Question 33

COPM

Answer 33

(occupational performance) -A semistructured interview assessment that is widely used to evaluate a clients perception of their occupational performance -Helps clients to identify concerns with occupational performance, assists in goal setting, and measures changes in client perceptions of occupational performance over the course of therapy -Generic measure that can be used with clients across all developmental stages who have a variety of disabilities -Client centered and addresses roles, role expectations, and activity performance within clients own environment

Question 34

Administering COPM

Answer 34

Administered in a 4 step process that includes problem definition, priority setting, scoring, and reassessment -During initial COPM interview, clients or caregiver identify activities that are important to them and are in need of OT intervention in the areas of ADL, work, and leisure -Once all occupational performance problems are identified, clients score them un terms of importance, their perception of current performance, and satisfaction with that performance -Client with a new illness may not recognize or be able to identify these issues -OT may begin treatment by working on identifies concerns and can return to this semistructured interview process later to see whether other issues emerge -Reassessment is completed at discharge or when the client and therapist consider it necessary for further treatment planning

Question 35

Occupational Performance History Interview II (OPHI-II)

Answer 35

(occupational performance) -A semistructured interview assessment used to identify occupational performance needs -A broad assessment of occupational life history in work, leisure, and daily activities that was developed using MOHO

Question 36

Administering OPHI-II

Answer 36

-Contains 3 valid scales that provide insight into the nature of occupational performance and adaptations -Test items explore a clients ability to organize time for responsibilities; identify interests goals, and role expectations; recognize personal responsibilities and values; and participate in varied environments (ex. leisure, home, and work) -Includes paper key forms that can be used to easily obtain interval measures without computer analysis -These measures can identify when performance in one are (ex. works towards goal) deviated from others, indicating needs for intervention -An accompanying Life History Narrative Form is used to document qualitative info from the interview

Question 37

OPHI-II Population

Answer 37

Can be used with adolescents or older adults and who are seen in psychiatry, physical disability, or gerontology practices

Question 38

Life Balance Model

Answer 38

(occupational performance) Proposes that a persons activity configuration should meet important needs which include (1) Basic instrumental needs necessary for sustained biological health and physical safety; (2) to have rewarding and self-affirming relationships with others (3) to feel engaged, challenged, and competent; and (4) to create meaning and a positive personal identity (concept is related to occupational performance)

Question 39

Life Balanced Inventory

Answer 39

Based on the life balance model -Balance of ones everyday activities is measured in terms of activity configuration congruence and activity configuration equivalence -Reliable and valid online tool in which respondents first identify daily activities they do or want to engage in (ex. gardening and participating in professional organizations) and then rate their perceived satisfaction with the amount of time they spent doing those activities within the past month -A printout provides life balance scores for each of the 4 dimensions

Question 40

Congruence (Life Balanced Inventory)

Answer 40

High when there is a match between the actual activities a person engages in regularly and their desired activity configuration or engagement

Question 41

Activity Configuration Equivalence (Life Balanced Inventory)

Answer 41

Conceptualized as a satisfactory balance of activity engagement across four dimensions: Health, relationships, challenge/interests, and identity needs

Question 42

The LBI and this conceptualization of life balance can facilitate...

Answer 42

Interview discussions about client-centered goals and help identify ways in which the client can improve satisfaction and reduce stress while engaged in occupational roles and routines

Question 43

Three domains of life roles

Answer 43

Self-Maintenance, Self-Advancement, and Self-Enhancement

Question 44

Widely used role assessments

Answer 44

OPHI-II and Role Checklist

Question 45

Role Checklist

Answer 45

A two part self-report assessment -Part I assesses participation in 10 major life roles: Student, worker, volunteers caregiver, home maintainer, friend, family member, religious participant, hobbyist/amateur, participant in organizations, and other -Test items address past, present, and future performance in these roles -Part II measures how valuable or important each role is to the client

Question 46

Role Checklist Populations

Answer 46

-Used to evaluate perceptions of role participation in persons with mental illness, mothers with young children, persons with disabilities, and adolescents

Question 47

Community Integration

Answer 47

The ability of an individual to live, work, and enjoy their free time within the community setting -A clients competence and ability to engage in community tasks and roles after a disabling event or illness are related to intrinsic abilities or performance skills and characteristics of the environment in which they live -Most assessments emphasize the clients perception of their competence in community or societal integration, the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) focuses on environmental factors that limit community intgration

Question 48

Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF)

Answer 48

(community integration) Focuses on environmental factors that limit community integration -Questions address how the design and layout of the home or workplace, or features of natural or man-made environments (ex. terrain, noise, and lighting) impact occupational performance

Question 49

The Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL) Index

Answer 49

(community integration) An easy-to-use 11 item assessment of how well individuals return to normal livil patterns following incapacitating disease or injury -Clients perceptions of reintegration are measured along several domains: Mobility, Self-care, Daily activity, Recreational activity, and family roles -10 Point Likert-Type Scale for clients to more accurately rate their performance

Question 50

Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL) Index Population

Answer 50

Patients with arthritis, fractures. amputations, stroke, spinal cord injury, TBI, and hip fracture

Question 51

Community Integration Measure (CIM)

Answer 51

(community integration) -Uses 10 items to gather qualitative information about a persons experience with community integration and participation -Based on a theoretical model that is client centered and differs from other community assessments because it makes no assumptions about the relative importance of particular activities or relationships -Does not assume that independent participation is a better measure of community integration than supported or mutual participation with others

Question 52

Community Integration Measure (CIM) Population

Answer 52

-Developed and tested primarily for individuals diagnosed with TBI -Has been used in practice with clients who have a wide-rage of disabilities -Able to differentiate those with and without disabilities and correlates significantly with other measures of community integration and life satisfaction

Question 53

Assessments of Health Related Quality of Life that have been developed for use with persons with chronic illness

Answer 53

Sickness Impact Profile and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36)

Question 54

Activities of Daily Living

Answer 54

Generally includes mobility at home, feeding, dressing, bathing, grooming, toileting, and personal hygiene

Question 55

Direct observation of problem activities identified by the client should be done at..

Answer 55

The time of day when they are normally performed and, if possible, in the place where they usually occur -Clients endurance and safety should be closely monitored and ADL performance can be evaluated over several therapy sessions if slow performance or fatigue occurs

Question 56

Items that would be unsafe or obviously unsuccessful are...

Answer 56

Postponed until the patients physical status improves -When the patient is not independent in a required task at the time of discharge, plans are developed to ensure that others can assist with this task and that additional therapy is received if warranted

Question 57

Most standardized ADL evals were designed for...

Answer 57

Program eval to document the level of independence achieved by patients as the result of a particular program

Question 57

Most standardized ADL evals were designed for...

Answer 57

Program eval to document the level of independence achieved by patients as the result of a particular program

Question 58

The Barthel Index

Answer 58

(ADL) -Reliable and valid assessment of 10 activities -Can range from 0-100 (total independence).with 5 point increments and the score for each activity is weighted according to its importance for independent functioning -A score of 60 seems to be the transition point from dependency to assisted independence -Scores may be derived from client interview or direct observation -Most widely used and recommended for stroke researc

Question 59

The Modified Barthel Index

Answer 59

Developed to increase sensitivity to changes observed when patients progressed from one level of assist to another during rehab -A third 20-point Barthel index includes the same test items with weighted, variable sub scores ranging between 0 and 1 (ex. bathing) or between 0 and 3 (ex. transfers)

Question 60

The FIM

Answer 60

Uses a 7-point ordinal scale to evaluate occupational performance for 18 items (13 motor and 5 cognition) and is a basic measure of the severity of disability based on burden of care not impairment -Scale rates clients performance by taking into account their need for assistance from another person or device -Intended to measure what the person with disability actually does regardless of diagnosis or impairment and is scored according to info gathered by members of rehab team during direct client observation -Can be used in rehab to track changes in ADL and provide data for program eval -Predicts functional status at discharge and length of rehab stay

Question 61

The FIM is part of a uniform data system that collects info about rehab outcomes and effectiveness and is an integral part of the...

Answer 61

Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility-Patient Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI)

Question 62

Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale

Answer 62

Documents a clients ability to perform 6 BADL -ADLs are broken down into 170 simple behavioral items, each of which is recorded separately -Large number of items makes it one of the most responsive ADL assessments -Each item is scored as achieved (no physical or verbal assistance) or unable (assistance needed), and raw scores are converted to percent scores to make communication of results easier to understand -If the client can perform the test item with adapted equipment during the discharge eval, they are given credit for accomplishing the activity -Emphasis is placed on the persons ability to physically complete components of ADL task -Does not well distinguish when a client is unable to complete tasks bc of other factors such as impaired organization or safety awareness

Question 63

When impairments become apparent during ADL assessment, the OT will further evaluate...

Answer 63

Performance Skills (ex. Sequencing, coordination, and balance) as needed for comprehensive treatment planning

Question 64

IADL Assessments

Answer 64

Many include few self-care items -Focus is primarily home management tasks such as meal planing, prep, and cleanup; laundry; shopping for food and clothing; routine and seasonal care of the home; and yard work and other maintenance tasks that were the clients responsibilities prior to therapy and may require assessment and intervention

Question 65

Nottingham Extended ADL Scale

Answer 65

(IADL) -Self-Report Questionnaire that assess occupational performance of 22 daily activities during the previous few weeks -Measure of functional independence

Question 66

Nottingham Extended ADL Scale Population

Answer 66

-Originally developed for use with stroke survivors -Also been studied after hip replacement surgergy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons

Question 67

Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)

Answer 67

(IADL) -Innovative observational assessment -Uses a 4-point scale to rate 16 motor and 20 process skill items during performance of client-selected, challenging IADL tasks -Motor skills (ex. stabilizes, reaches, and transports) are the actions observed during task performance and are thought to be related to underlying abilities in postural control, mobility coordination and strength -Process skills (ex. sequences, initiates, and adjusts) are used to organize and adapt actions during actual performance and represent the underlying attentional, conceptual, organizational and adaptive capacities of the client -Test of skill in occupational performance and is not designed to evaluate the presence of neuromuscular, biomechanical, or cognitive impairments (ex. strength, ROM, and memory) or underlying capacities -Skills of the AMOS are goal-directed actions that occur in the context of occupation -Used to assess activities and participation, not body functions or contextual factors

Question 68

AMPS Population

Answer 68

Shown to discriminate well between those without disabilities and those with cognitive or physical disabilities

Question 69

A sigificant advantage of the AMPS is...

Answer 69

Its flexibility in allowing the client to choose which tasks are used for assessment

Question 70

Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS)

Answer 70

(IADL) -Short living skills assessment administered through interview and direct observation -Individual items are scored as independent, needs assistance, or not applicable

Question 71

KELS Population

Answer 71

Originally created for use in short-term psych units -Also a good measure of IADL performance in elderly clients -When compared with standardized assessments for cognition, affect, and functional status of community living older adults, the KELS showed good convergent validity and strong correlations with executive function measures -Can help determine the environment that will allow a person to live as independently and safe as possible

Question 72

Performance Assessment of Self Care Skills (PASS)

Answer 72

(IADL) -Performance based observational tool to document functional status and change during rehab -Both clinic and home versions designed to assess the types of assistance needed for home and community safety -Provides input on clients level of independence in task completion, safety needs, and quality of task outcomes

Question 73

Unlike the KELS, the PASS is ___ referenced

Answer 73

Criterion -Only selected items or the entire test can be administered depending on the clients needs and time availability

Question 74

PASS population

Answer 74

-Adults of varied diagnosis including arthritis cardiopulmonary disease, and dementia -Provides excellent data for treatment planning and documentation of patient outcomes

Question 75

Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation-Health Outcome Measurement and Evaluation (SAFER-HOME)

Answer 75

(IADL) -Developed to provide LOTs with a comprehensive, consistent measure to simultaneously assess safety and occupational performance in the home -Items assess both the Environmental situation and functional ability of the client in 12 categories (living situation, level of safety risk)

Question 76

Kitchen Task Assessments

Answer 76

-Kitchen Task Assessment (KTA) -Rabideau Kitchen Evaluation Revised (RKE-R)

Question 77

Kitchen Task Assessment (KTA)

Answer 77

-Uses the task of making pudding to assess the cognitive support required by persons with dementia and Alzheimers disease to complete a basic cooking task -Provides info about performance and basic components of occupation (initiation, sequencing, organization, and problem solving

Question 78

KTA Population

Answer 78

Significant relationship between scores on KTA and other neuropsychological assessments but limited evidence on use with clients who have physical vs psychological and cognitive disabilities

Question 79

Rabideau Kitchen Evaluation Revised (RKE-R)

Answer 79

Assessment of meal prep primarily developed for adults with brain injury -All task components are scored according to the number of verbal cues or physical assistance required for safe completion -Can help with discharge planning by providing info on safety and independence during basic kitchen tasks

Question 80

RKE-R Population

Answer 80

Found to differentiate among stroke survivors with/without unilateral spatial neglect and significantly related to neuropsychological measures of verbal memory, simple auditory attention, visuospatial skills, and overall cognitive performance

Question 81

Child care

Answer 81

Child care and parenting activities include physical care and supervision of children the use of age appropriate activities, communication, and behaviors to facilitate child development, etc. -No standardized evals exist so OT must identify and assess performance needs during required and valued child care tasks and take into account the ages and personalities of Children -COPM can be used as well as AusTOMS-OT

Question 82

Work assessments

Answer 82

-Used to determine whether an individual has the ability to perform necessary job skills and is otherwise prepared for employment in terms of work habits, work quality, ability to learn or acquire new skills, and ability to work with others as a team member, supervisor, or supervisee.

Question 83

described two categories of work evaluations:

Answer 83

(1) standardized commercial evaluations such as those used in vocational rehabilitation and (2) highly technical evaluations of physical and work capacity. -Questioned whether these work evaluations truly reflect occupational therapists’ interest in the meaning of work and emphasized our unique role in linking work evaluations to the psychosocial and environmental factors that contribute to client performance.

Question 84

Standardized vocational evaluation systems

Answer 84

Use job analysis or work samples to determine an individual’s ability to perform tasks similar to those encountered at work. -In the United States, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles provides a taxonomy for measurement of work performance that lists specific job requirements, including skills and equipment.

Question 85

One standardized work assessment system that is often used is the...

Answer 85

VALPAR Component Work Samples

Question 86

VALPAR Component Work Samples

Answer 86

Consists of a wide range of work samples that evaluate specific occupational performance skills (ex. range of motion, problem solving, physical capacities, and mobility) during simulated job tasks. -Although evidence of the reliability and validity for this standardized evaluation system is extensive, a potential disadvantage of the VALPAR Component Work Samples is its expense. -Because a large proportion of work evaluations are administered to clients who have musculoskeletal or soft-tissue injuries, their primary focus is on the physical capacities required for work tasks.

Question 87

Standardized functional capacity evaluations (FCE)

Answer 87

-Available to measure physical capacity (ex. strength, endurance, and freedom from pain) during work-related tasks, such as lifting, sitting, and standing

Question 88

In addition to evaluating a client’s physical performance, a comprehensive work assessment must also include...

Answer 88

Contextual information regarding the client’s work environment and history, his medical condition and contraindications, and the whole person context in which he lives (ex. information about nonwork occupations such as homemaker, caregiver, or recreational roles)

Question 89

Semistructured interviews, such as the Worker Role Interview (WRI) can complement fce by

Answer 89

-Providing important information regarding the psychosocial and environmental factors that influence return to work. -This well established tool can beused to assess other behaviors considered important for work, such as punctuality, communication skills, ability to work with others, and grooming. -The WRI is well suited to the needs of clients from varied cultures and diagnostic groups

Question 90

Leisure

Answer 90

Involves engaging in self-chosen, motivating, and goal-directed activities for amusement, relaxation, spontaneous enjoyment, and/or self-expression. -Encompasses a multitude of meanings: the leisure event itself, the amount and frequency of the activity, its meaningfulness to the participant, and the social context” in which it is performe -Leisure serves many purposes in one’s life by fulfilling physical, social, and intellectual needs, particularly for the older adult (Hersch, 1990). Participation in leisure is an important area of occupation that is closely related to life satisfaction (AOTA, 2007).

Question 91

The occupational therapist can facilitate leisure exploration with clients through use of

Answer 91

Checklists and semistructured interviews that focus on identifying interests, skills, opportunities, and leisure activities that are appropriate for the individual.

Question 92

Leisure participation

Answer 92

involves the planning and engagement in appropriate leisure activities, maintaining a balance of leisure activities with other areas of occupation, and obtaining needed supplies and adaptations to allow for successful engagement

Question 93

Because participation in leisure is viewed as an integral component of occupational performance and functioning,

Answer 93

Many IADL assessments address the client’s leisure interests and pursuits along with IADL (ex. home management and community mobility), work/education, and social/participation needs. -The LBI, the COPM, the OPHI-II, version 2.1, the Nottingham Extended ADL Scale, and the RNL Index all include items related to leisure activities.

Question 94

Activity Card Sort

Answer 94

-A reliable and valid assessment of actual and desired activity engagement that crosses the domains of IADL, leisure and social activities -Captures changes in activity patterns related to the impact of a disability or illness and provides the therapist with immediate feedback regarding valued activities for treatment planning.

Question 95

Several assessments specific to evaluation of leisure interests and participation continue to be used by occupational therapists such as...

Answer 95

the Modified Interest Checklist -Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire & Leisure Diagnostic Battery (reliable and valid tools that have been frequently used in research but are not readily available for clinic use) -The Idyll Arbor Leisure Battery (IALB)(composed of several scales to assess client attitudes, interests, motivation, and satisfaction with leisure pursuits. Although used primarily by recreational therapists, this battery has established reliability and validity and may be used by occupational therapists for program development and evaluation)

Question 96

Modified Interest Checklist

Answer 96

(Leisure) -Gathers information about a client’s level of interest and participation in 68 different leisure activities. -Activities are rated on a 3-point scale ranging from no interest to strong interest. -Assesses current interests, how these have changed over time, and whether the client wishes to participate in these and other activities in the future. -Particularly useful for appreciating the impact of disability or illness on the client’s experiences and engagement in meaningful leisure activities -It can be used for treatment planning with clients throughout the life span, from adolescence through old age.