Ch.4 Flashcards
Exhibiting different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directions
Anisotropic
Bones composing the body appendages
Appendicular skeleton
Protective layer of firm,flexible connective tissue over the articulating ends of long bones
Articulate cartilage
The skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs
Axial skeleton
Decrease in bone mass resulting from a predominant of osteoclast activity
Bone atrophy
Increase in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoblast activity
Bone hypertrophy
Ability to resist pressing or squeezing force
Compressive strength
Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones
Cortical bone
Growth center of a bone that produces new bone tissue as part of the normal growth process until it closes during adolescence or early adulthood
Epiphyis
Skeletal structures that are largely flat in shape ex : scapula
Flat bones
Disruption in the continuity of a Bone
Fracture
Pressed together by a compressive load
Impacted
Skeletal structures of irregular shapes ex: sacrum
Irregular bones
A relatively rigid object that may be made to rotate about an axis by the application of force
Lever
Skeletal structures consisting of a long shaft with bulbous ends - for example, the femur
Long bones
Specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Specialized bone cells that resorb bone tissue
Osteoclasts
Condition of reduced bone mineral density that predisposes the individual to fractures
Osteopenia
Double-layered membrane covering bone; muscle tendons attach to the outside layer, and the internal layer is a side of osteoblast activity
Periosteum
Disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures
Osteoporosis
Containing pores or cavities
Porous
Small cubical skeletal structures, including carpals and tarsals
Short bones
Ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material - that is, the stress divided by the relative amount of change in the structure’s shape
Stiffness
Amount of deformation divided by the original length of the structure or by the original angular orientation of the structure
Strain
Fracture resulting from repeated loading of relatively low magnitude
Stress fracture
Progressive bone anthology associated with repeated loading
Stress reaction
Ability to resist pulling or stretching force
Tensile strength
Less compact entice tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long bone and in the vertebrae
Trabecular bone
Cortical bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress?
Compressive stress
Cortical bone is weakest in resisting which type of stress?
Shear stress
