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GIS > Ch4 > Flashcards

Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
Geographic coordinate systems are based on spherical coordinates and measured in latitude and longitude

A

T

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2
Q

T or F
A geoid shifts the ellipsoid relative to the datum to achieve a best fit between the two

A

F
A datum shifts the ellipsoid relative to the geoid to achieve a best fit between the two

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3
Q

Three Types of Projections are _____ , ____, and ______.

A

Azimuthal, cylindrical, conic

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4
Q

Projections all distort one or more properties of
______ , ______, _______, and ________

A

distance, direction, shape, area

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5
Q

T or F
UTM coordinate system breaks the world up into 6 zones of 60 degrees each

A

F
UTM coordinate system breaks the world up into 60 zones of 6 degrees each

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6
Q

What is data called that has a defined coordinate system?

A

georeferenced

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7
Q

Match the type of coordinate system to the definition:
Unprojected
Projected
Based on spherical coordinates
Converts spherical coordinates to planar coordinates

A

Unprojected (geographic)- Based on spherical coordinates
Projected- Converts spherical

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8
Q

What type of coordinate system is measured in lat & long?

A

unprojected/geographic

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9
Q

A _________, or GCS, stores locations in longitude-latitude values

A

geographic coordinate system

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10
Q

An _______ is a smooth shape with a slightly smaller north-south axis

A

ellipsoid

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11
Q

A ______ is a surface modeled from gravity differences and is closest to the true shape, but is too complicated for mapping

A

geoid

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12
Q

A _______ shifts the ellipsoid relative to the geoid to achieve a best fit between the two.

A

datum

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13
Q

A _____ optimizes the shift of geoid to ekkipsoid for the best fit at a particular location. It may also use a surveyed network of points to make further adjustments.

A

local datum

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14
Q

A _____optimizes the fit for the entire earth btwn the geoid and ellipsoid.

A

geocentric or world-centered datum

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15
Q

A datum definition includes what 2 things:

A
  1. The particular ellipsoid used based on a determination of the earth’s major and minor axis
  2. The adjustment or fit (translation of center)
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16
Q

___is a mathematical conversion of points on the earth’s surface to a flat plane (map)

A

projection

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17
Q

what are the 3 projection types?

A

cylindrical, conic, azimuthal

18
Q

Cylindrical projections usually preserve ______ and ______

A

direction and shape

19
Q

Conic projections usually preserve _____and/or _____

A

distance, area

20
Q

Azimuthal projections usually preserve ____and/or ______

A

area, distance

21
Q

How many standard parallels does a secant projection have?

A

2

22
Q

a common coordinate system for large-scale maps is?

A

UTM coordinate system, state plane CS

23
Q

Name one way the coordinate system used to store the data can impact the results of an analysis

A

areas or distances can be incorrectly calculated

24
Q

Proper alignment of data sets requires that each one have a label that records the complete coordinate system parameters
This label is called the ________

A

Spatial Reference

25
Q

The ______tool is used to permanently convert a data set from one coordinate system to another

A

Project

26
Q

________creates a new data set in the new coordinate system

A

projection

27
Q

Create the missing label for the true coordinate system of a map with the_____tool

A

Define Projection

28
Q

what tool Use only when CS is missing or incorrect?

A

define projection

29
Q

What tool should be used when changing a CS permanently?

A

project tool

30
Q

What tool is use to assemble collections of data with the same stored CS.

A

project tool

31
Q

The _______ of the data layer is the range of x-y coordinates of the features actually in the feature class.

A

extent

32
Q

Values between +180
and –180 indicate an ______GCS coordinate system with map
units in degrees, whereas large values indicate a ______ coordinate
system with units of feet or meters.

A

unprojected, projected

33
Q

What is is the selected x,y values and units for a map?

A

The coordinate space

34
Q

_________ measures east-west angles ___________ measures north-south angles above the equator

A

Longitude (X), from the Prime Meridian.
Latitude (Y)

35
Q

____ are the basis for coordinate systems

A

Projections

36
Q

How can The coordinate system used to store the data impact the results of an analysis?

A

Areas or distances may be incorrectly calculated

37
Q

What units are determined by the coordinate system chosen for the map

A

Map units

38
Q

What units are the x-y values stored in the file

A

Stored units

39
Q

What is the name of the label that records the complete coordinate system parameters?

A

spatial reference

40
Q

What is the x-y precision in the spatial referencfe?

A

resolution

41
Q
A

GIS (11 decks)

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