CH3.4 Chemistry of the d-block transition metals

Question 1

d block elements

Answer 1

Is the elements whose outer electrons are found in the d-orbitals,

Question 2

transition element

Answer 2

is a metal that possesses a partially filled d sub-shell in its atom or stable ions.

Question 3

which metals in the d block are not transition metals

Answer 3

zinc- full sub shell in both atoms and ions

Question 4

electron configuration beyound argon

Answer 4

the 3d orbitals are filled before the 4s orbitals

Question 5

exception to the rule of fill the 3d before the 4s

Answer 5

chronium and copper

Question 6

how chronium fills its orbitals

Answer 6

fills up to and including the 3p orbital, one in the 4s , and one in each of the 3d orbitals.

Question 7

how copper fills its orbitlas

Answer 7

fills as normal and then one in the 4s and then completely fills the 3d orbital/.

Question 8

describe a transition metal complex

• size
• charge
• bonding and orbials

Answer 8

small
large positive charge
lots of available orbitals for bonding
form co-ordinate bonds

Question 9

ligand

Answer 9

a small molecule with a lone pair that can form a bond to a transition metal

Question 10

most common amount o fligans that would be found around one metal ion and name

Answer 10

6 octahedral

Question 11

complex that has four ligans

Answer 11

tetrahedral

Question 12

complex that has 6 ligands

Answer 12

octahedral

Question 13

colour of

(Fe(H2O)6)3+

Answer 13

pale green

Question 14

colour of (Fe(H2O)6)3+

Answer 14

Yellow

Question 15

colour of (Cu(H2O)6)2+

Answer 15

blue

Question 16

colour of (Cr(H2O)6)3+

Answer 16

dark green

Question 17

colour of (Co(H2O)6)2+

Answer 17

pink

Question 18

colour of (CuCl)2-

Answer 18

yellow or green

Question 19

colour of (CoCl)2-

Answer 19

blue

Question 20

Trans iosomers

Answer 20

when two water molecules are opposite each other.

Question 21

which is most common trans or sist isomers

Answer 21

trans

Question 22

what happens when the d-orbital split

Answer 22

gives two sets of orbitals close together in energy, electrons can move from the lower to higher orbital

Question 23

how do electrons move within split d-orbitals

Answer 23

They gain the energy through the absorbtion of of energy through light.

Question 24

how does the energy that is absorbed by the electron to move up a orbital relate

Answer 24

The energy it absorbes is one frequency of light which corresponds to the energy gap between the orbitals.

Question 25

realtionship between energy absorbed and frequency

Answer 25

E=hf

Question 26

how do complexes get there colours

Answer 26

The light that remains after a electron has moved within the split d-orbital by the equation E=hf gives the complex its colour.

Question 27

iron used as a catalys

Answer 27

int he harbour process, to produce ammonita from nitrogen and hydrogen

Question 28

nickel as a catalyst

Answer 28

The hydration of vegetable oils to from margarine

Question 29

platinum as a catalyst

Answer 29

The oxidation of ammonia to form nitric acid

Question 30

Vanadium oxide as a catalyst

Answer 30

The contact procces for the production of sulfuric acid

Question 31

manganses dioxide

Answer 31

The caralytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Question 32

why are transition metals good as catalysts

Answer 32

because of there partially filled d-orbitals which have enough empty orbitals to combine with other molecules. molecules with lone pairs can form co-ordinate bonds to the metal atom to form complexesm and this can increases the reactivity of the species bonded to the metal, or bring two reacting molecules closer together.

Question 33

how does oxidations and catalysts use of transition metals relate

Answer 33

The different ocidation states allows them to act as catalyst in redox reactions. They can act as oxidising or redusing agents for one of the reactants

Question 34

typical heterogenous catalyts

Answer 34

Typically a solid that provides a surface for molecules to be absorbed and come together in a advantageous arrangement

Question 35

typical homogenous catalyst

Answer 35

typically use their variable oxidation states to oxidis/reduxe a reactant which makes it much more reactive

Question 36

catalyst

Answer 36

are substances which increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternating pathway with a lower acitvation energy.

Question 37

homogenous catalyst

Answer 37

catalyst that are in the same physical state as the reaction that they catalyse

Question 38

heterogenous catalyst

Answer 38

Are catalysts that are in different physical state from the reactino that they catalyse.

Question 39

reaction of (Cr(H2O)6)3+ with hydroxide ions

Answer 39

grey-green precipitate of (Cr(H2O)3(OH)3)

excess OH- ions;
precipitate dissolves giving deep green solutionof (Cr(OH)6)3-

Question 40

reaction of (Fe(H2O)6)2+ with OH- ions

Answer 40

Dark green precipitate of (Fe(H2O)4(OH)3)

excess OH- ions;
no further reaction for the bulk, (some red-brown colour seen at the surface due to oxidation by the air)

Question 41

reaction of (Fe(H2O)6)3+ with OH- ions

Answer 41

Red-brown precipitate of (Fe(H2O)3(OH)3)

excess OH- ions ;
No further reaction

Question 42

reaction of (Cu(H2O)6)2+ with OH- ions

Answer 42

pale blue precipitate of (Cu(H2O)4(OH)2)

excess OH- ions;
no further reaction