Ch.3 theories of aging Flashcards
What is lipofuscin?
age pigment
When are free radicals produced?
when the body uses exercises, such as oxygen, causing cellular damage
Free radicals cause __, __, __
- extensive cellular damage to DNA, which can cause malignancy and accelerated aging
- lipid oxidation that damages phospholipids in cell membranes, affecting membrane permeability
- DNA strand breaks and base modifications that cause gene modulation
______ deterioration due to oxidants cause a significant loss of cell energy and gradually decrease metabolsim.
Mitochondial
What are 4 strategies to assist in delaying the mitochondrial decay?
- decrease calories
- maintain high nutrient diet
- avoid inflammation
- minimize accumulation of metals in the body that can trigger free radical reactions
Name 5 exogenous sources of free radicals
- tobacco smoke
- pesticides
- organic solvents
- radiation
- ozone
- selected medications
what is the Orgel/error theory?
errors in DNA and RNA synthesis occur with aging
What is the wear & tear theory?
cells wear out and cannot function with aging
What is the connective tissue theory?
with aging, proteins impede metabolic processes and cause trouble with getting nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products.
What are Stochastic Theories?
based on random events that cause cellular damage that accumulates as the organism ages
What are nonstochastic theories?
based on genetically programmed events that cause cellular damage that accelerates againg of the organism
What is the programmed theory?
cells divide until they are no longer able to, which triggers cell death
What is gene/biological clock theory?
cells have a genetically programmed aging code
What is the Neuroendocrine theory?
problems with the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine gland feedback system cause disease; increased insulin growth factor accelerates aging
What is the immunological theory?
aging is due to faulty immunological function, which is linked to general well-being
