Ch3 The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is respiration
Oxidation reaction that releases energy from foods such as glucose
What happens when we breathe in
The diaphragm contracts (flattens)
- External intercostal muscles contract
- Rib cage moves out and up
- Volume of chest capacity increases
- lungs expand
- Pressure inside decreases
What happens when you exhale
- Diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
- intercostal muscles contract
- Rib cage moves down and in
- Volume of chest cavity decreases
- Lung volume decreases
- Pressure in lungs increases
- air flows out of the lungs due to high pressure
What is tidal volume
The volume of air breathed in and out in a single breath.
- approx 0.5L
What is inspiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air taken in with the deepest breath possible
-Up to 2L
What is expiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air that can be breathe out if we force it out
Up to 1.5l
What residual volume
Air remaining in your lungs after maximal exhalation
-Up to 1.5L
What is vital capacity
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in one breath
Why does oxygen defuses across the wall of the alveoli into the blood
Because the air in the Alveoli’s has a high concentration of oxygen in the blood entering the capillaries. there is a diffusion gradient from carbon dioxide going the other way
What are the effects of smoking has on the lungs and associated tissues
It upsets all of these:
- Clear air passages
- Alveoli free from dirt particles and bacteria
- A big surface area in contact with the blood
What is emphysema
It is when smoking greatly reduces the surface area for gas exchange which becomes inefficient
-The blood of a person with emphysema carries less oxygen
What is the function of the respiratory system
Gas exchange
- uptake of oxygen
- release of CO2
