Ch.3: Socialization Flashcards
Social Environment
The entire human environment,including interaction with others
Feral Children
Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans
Socialization
The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group- the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them
Self
The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how we think others see us
Looking-Glass Self
A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us
Taking the Role of the Other
Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act
Significant Other
An individual who significantly influences someone else
Generalized Other
The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self
Id
Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives
Ego
Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society
Superego
Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups
Gender
The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity
Gender Socialization
Learning society’s “gender map,” the paths in life set out for us because we are male and female
Peer Group
A group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations
Mass Media
Forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences
Social Inequality
A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others
Agents of Socialization
People or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life
Manifest Functions
The intended beneficial consequences of people’s action
Latent Functions
Unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions
Anticipatory Socialization
The process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status
Resocialization
The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
Total Institution
A place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cutoff from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them
Degradation Ceremony
A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place
Life Course
The stages of our life as we go from birth to death
Transitional adulthood
A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood; also called adultolescence
Transitional Older Years
An emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old; about age 65 to 74
