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Arctic. & Phonology > Ch.3 Phonetics, Phonology and Speech Sound Disorders > Flashcards

Ch.3 Phonetics, Phonology and Speech Sound Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Phonetics

A

the study of physical, physiological, and acoustic variables associated with speech sound production

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2
Q

Historical phonetics

A

the study of how sounds change over time

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3
Q

Experimental phonetics

A

the study of speech sound production; it analyzes physiological movements and acoustic properties with the help of lab instruments.

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4
Q

Articulatory phonetics

A

concentrates on how a speaker produces speech sounds

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5
Q

Acoustic phonetics

A

the study of the properties of sound waves as they travel from the vocal tract of a speaker to the ear of a listener.

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6
Q

Perceptual phonetics

A

the study of the judgments listeners make of the speech sounds they hear

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7
Q

Clinical or applied phonetics

A

the branch dedicated to practical application of the knowledge derived from experimental, articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics.

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8
Q

phoneme

A

a family of phones or sounds perceived to belong to the same category by the listener

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9
Q

allophone

A

a variant or alternate form of a phoneme within a language

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10
Q

allophonic variations

A

the varied productions of a phoneme

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11
Q

free variation

A

when an allophone CAN be exchanged for one another in a certain phonetic context without affecting the word

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12
Q

complementary distribution

A

when an allophone CANNOT be exchanged for another in specific phonetic contexts.

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13
Q

morpheme

A

the minimal unit of meaning, the smallest unit of lang. carrying semantic interpretation

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14
Q

Free morphemes

A

a whole word that cannot be broken down any further

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15
Q

Bound morphemes

A

word endings or beginnings that attach to a word to change its meaning

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16
Q

Minimal pairs

A

morphemes that are similar except for one phoneme

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17
Q

allographs

A

the different letters and letter combinations that can be used to represent the same phonemes

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18
Q

what are some acoustic aspects of speech?

A

frequency, amplitude, duration

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19
Q

Frequency

A

the rate at which an object vibrates, measured in terms of the number of vibrations per unit of time

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20
Q

pure tone

A

a single frequency that repeats itself

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21
Q

complex tones

A

a combination of different frequencies

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22
Q

periodic

A

a pattern that repeats itself

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23
Q

aperiodic

A

lacking a pattern

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24
Q

spectrum

A

a pattern of physical energy across a frequency range

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25
What determines frequency?
pitch
26
Amplitude
intensity, the magnitude of vibration of a sound source
27
duration
a measure of time during which vibrations are sustained
28
Suprasegmental aspects of speech
includes pitch,stress, rate of speech, juncture
29
Pitch
variable sensory experience due to differing frequency of vocal fold vibrates, sentences, and continuous speech
30
intonation
changes in pitch contours
31
Stress
gives prominence to certain syllables within a sequence of syllables, a segment that works at the level of syllables..
32
Rate of speech
the numbers of words, syllables, or phonemes produced per second are the alternate measures
33
Consonants
are phonemes produced by some narrowing or closing of the vocal tract
34
consonant clusters
consonants produced in side-by-side combination
35
pre-vocalic
consonants before vowel
36
post-vocalic
consonants after vowel
37
Vowels
sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract configuration
38
Monophthongs
single sounding vowels
39
Diphthongs
double sounding vowels, made by the quick gliding of two simple vowels, so that they cannot be separated ex: toy
40
open syllable
when the syllable ends in a vowel
41
closed syllable
when the syllable ends with a consonant
42
Onset
the consonant or consonant cluster that the word starts with
43
Nucleus
the vowel or diphthong that follows the initial consonant or cluster, middle of word
44
Rhyme
the part that splits the nucleus and the coda
45
Coda
the consonant or cluster that follows the nucleus
46
Manner of production
indicates how the airstream that passes through the vocal tract is modified to form a consonant
47
Place of articulation
indicates where along the vocal tract a constriction is formed to produce the consonant.
48
Voice
indicates whether the vocal folds are vibrating during the consonants production
49
What are the 6 Manners of Articulation?
stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, glides, liquids
50
plosives
an audible burst of noise or explosion of air upon its release
51
What are the 7 Places of Articulation?
bilabial, labiodental, linguadental (interdental), alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal
52
Binary
a system by which a phoneme is given a plus (+) value if a feature is present and a (-) value is a feature is not
53
what are the 16 sets of binary features?
1. Vocalic 2. Consonantal 3. High 4. Back 5. Low 6. Anterior 7. Coronal 8. Round 9. Tense 10. Continuant 11. Nasal 12. Strident 13. Sonorant 14. Interrupted 15. Lateral 16. Voice
54
Obstruents
consonants that are made with a complete closure or narrow constriction of the oral cavity, so that the airstream is stopped or friction noise is produced
55
Sibilants
high-frequency sounds that have a more strident quality and longer duration than most other consonants. sibilants include the fricatives and affricates.
56
Approximants
the approximating nature of the contact between the the two articulators. sometimes glides and liquids
57
Rhotic
a sound with /r/ coloring
58
Syllabics
sounds that serve as a nucleus for a syllable, all vowels | this includes nasals and liquids
59
what are the 4 ways that vowel articulation is described?
1) the position of the tongue 2) the shape of the pharynx 3) the shape of the lips 4) the muscular tension
60
vowel quadrant
the diagram that defines the four extreme points of vowel production; high, low, front, back
61
High-front vowels
/i/ and /I/
62
Mid-front vowels
/e/ and /ɛ/
63
Low-front vowel
/æ/
64
Mid-central vowels
/ɝ/, /ɚ/, /ə/, and /ʌ/
65
High-back vowels
/u/ and /ʊ/
66
Mid-back vowels
/o/ and /ɔ/
67
Low-back vowels
/ɑ/
68
rounded vowels
vowels that are produced with the lips somewhat protruded, such as in the words "who", "cook" and "boat"
69
unrounded vowels
vowels that are produced with the lips in a more neutral or retracted position, as in the words "bet", "hat", "hot", "hey"
70
tense
longer in duration and produced with a higher degree of muscular tension
71
lax
shorter in duration and produced with a lower degree of muscular tension
72
Articulation disorders
disorders that included mainly few errors, mostly distortions, functional or organic, and they generally preserved phonemic contrasts
73
Phonological disorders
disorders that were manifested by multiple errors that formed various patterns with lost phonemic contrasts and much reduced intelligibility
74
What do the errors have "to be" to consider it related to a disorder?
they must be clinically significant

Arctic. & Phonology (2 decks)

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