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Arctic. & Phonology > ch.2 Anatomy and Phys of Speech Production > Flashcards

ch.2 Anatomy and Phys of Speech Production Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic systems of speech?

A

1) respiration
2) phonation
3) resonation
4) articulation

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2
Q

the lungs

A

a paired, soft and spongy structure, aid in breathing

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3
Q

the diaphragm

A

the chief muscle of inhalation, which lies just below the lungs, it separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

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4
Q

abdomen

A

contains the muscles that are active during inhalation

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5
Q

the thoracic cavity

A

contains the respiratory passages: the trachea,bronchial tubes, and the lungs.

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6
Q

trachea

A

a tube made up of 20 rings of cartilage, lies just beneath the larynx, serves as the main conductor chamber for air

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7
Q

bronchial tubes

A

the tubes within the lungs

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8
Q

what is cartilage made out of?

A

tough connective tissues

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the rib cage?

A

to protect the underlying thoracic organs

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10
Q

sternum

A

the chest bone, where the ribs attach to

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11
Q

costal cartilage

A

the cartilage of the ribcage

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12
Q

rib pairs 1-7 are what?

A

the true ribs

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13
Q

rib pairs 8-10 are what?

A

the false ribs

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14
Q

rib pairs 11-12 are what?

A

the floating ribs

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15
Q

external intercostals

A

lift the ribs up and out to increase the diameter of the cavity for inhalation

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16
Q

internal intercostals

A

pull the ribs down to decrease the diameter of the cavity for exhalation

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17
Q

subcostals

A

pull the lower ribs down and apart to depress the thorax

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18
Q

what does speech production require?

A

modification of airflow and air pressure within the oral cavity

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19
Q

larynx

A

a cartilaginous structure suspended by muscles and ligaments attached to the U-shaped hyoid bone

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20
Q

why is the hyoid bone important?

A

it acts as a “hanger” for the larynx and its structures

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21
Q

what consists of nine cartilages?

A

the cartilaginous framework of the larynx

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22
Q

what are the larger unpaired cartilages?

A

1) thyroid
2) cricoid
3) epiglottis

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23
Q

what are the smaller paired cartilages?

A

arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms

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24
Q

what is commonly referred to as butterfly shaped?

A

the thyroid cartilage

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25
what is another name for the adams apple?
the thyroid prominence
26
cricoid cartilage
the ring shaped protective cartilage of the larynx
27
arytenoid cartilages
the pointy, triangular parts of the larynx, touch when vocal folds come together
28
vocal process
where the vocal folds are attached
29
lateral or muscular process
helps the vocal folds open and close
30
what does adduct mean?
to bring together
31
what does abduct mean?
to pull apart, to separate
32
glottis
the space between the vocal folds
33
Bernoulli effect
as gases or liquids move though a constricted passage, velocity increases and pressure decreases.
34
what causes a suction action to draw together the vocal folds?
when a puff of air is released, a drop of air pressure occurs
35
Myoelastic- aerodynamic theory
states that vocal folds open and close in a cyclical manner bc of the buildup of air pressure, the + and - differences and the elasticity of the muscles.
36
what are the three vocal sound resonators called?
the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity
37
the pharyngeal cavity
throat; space modified by vertical position of the larynx (high or low) and the position of the tongue in the mouth (forward or back)
38
nasal cavity
nose; space modified by opening and closing off of nasal cavity using the soft palate/velum.
39
three sounds in English that are nasalized?
the consonants /m/ /n/ and /ang/
40
oral cavity
mouth; resonating structure for all sounds except nasals. space modified through movements and positioning of the mandible, tongue, hard palate, teeth, cheekbones & velum.
41
what is articulation?
the molding of the airstream into recognizable speech sounds by several structures in the mouth
42
name the two types of articulators
movable and immovable
43
movable articulators
tongue, lips, the soft palate, and the mandible or jaw.
44
what are the three sections of the tongue divided into?
the tip, blade and the dorsal.
45
what are the lips primarily made up of?
the orbicularis muscle
46
what does the sealing of the lips allow for?
build up of intramural pressure for plosive sounds
47
what is another name for the jaw?
the mandible
48
velum
the soft palate; begins at the hard palate and extends towards the pharynx
49
what is the dual role that the velum plays?
resonance and articulation of speech sounds
50
where is the uvula suspended from?
the soft palate, velum
51
what is a bifurcated uvula?
a uvula that is split down the middle
52
immovable articulators
the hard palate,the alveolar ridge, the teeth
53
the hard palate
separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
54
how is the maxilla subdivided?
palatine process, alveolar process, and the premaxilla
55
what houses the four upper front teeth?
premaxilla
56
what is the common number of teeth on humans?
32 teeth, 16 upper and 16 lower
57
auditory mechanism
children learn speech production through hearing what is spoken to them and around them
58
what is the importance of hearing?
learn verbal language skills monitor rate, volume and clarity of speech awareness of environment and dangers
59
three parts of the human ear
outer, middle and inner
60
auricle or pinna
the visible part of the ear on the side of the head
61
what does the pinna do?
it 'funnels' sound waves into the ear canal
62
what is the key structure for transmitting frequencies common to fricatives?
outer ear, pinna
63
middle ear
air filled space lined with mucous membrane
64
what does the middle ear include?
tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain, and the eustachian tube
65
what is another name for the ear drum?
the tympanic membrane
66
what is the ossicular chain made out of?
three tiny bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes
67
malleus
first part of ossicular chain; hammer
68
incus
second part of the ossicular chain; anvil
69
stapes
third part of the ossicular chain; stirrup
70
where does the inner ear begin?
the oval window
71
the oval window
a small opening in the temporal bone of the inner ear
72
where does the oval window lead into?
the labyrinth, a portion of the inner ear
73
what is the labyrinth?
a complex system of interconnecting canal and passages
74
what does the labyrinth contain?
the semicircular canals and the cochlea
75
what makes the semicircular canals important?
they maintain balance or equilibrium
76
the cochlea
the main inner ear structure of hearing
77
what is the cochlea filled with?
the special endolymph fluid
78
what is the floor of the cochlea called?
the basilar membrane
79
the mechanical energy from the middle ear is changed into what?
electrical energy
80
where is the electrical energy transmitted?
the to VIII cranial nerve
81
the organ of Corti
the inner ear's most important structure of hearing, located in the floor of the cochlea, contains cilia
82
what is cilia and what does it do?
cilia are tiny hair like receptors, which respond to sound
83
vestibulo-acoustic nerve
picks up the electrical or neural impulses created by the movement of the cilia
84
where are these electrical impulses transmitted to next?
the primary auditory cortex in the cerebral hemispheres

Arctic. & Phonology (2 decks)

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