Ch3 Lgc Flashcards by TETELESTE Unknown

What is the primary function of language?

To communicate thoughts, ideas, and emotions.

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True or False: Language can only express concrete ideas.

False.

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Fill in the blank: The study of the meaning of words and sentences is known as _______.

semantics.

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What is a key difference between semantics and pragmatics?

Semantics deals with meaning, while pragmatics deals with context.

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Which philosopher is known for the theory of speech acts?

J.L. Austin.

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Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of meaning in language?
A) Denotative
B) Connotative
C) Reflective
D) Social

C) Reflective.

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What does the term ‘linguistic relativity’ refer to?

The idea that the structure of a language affects its speakers’ worldview.

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True or False: A word’s meaning is fixed and unchanging.

False.

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What is the role of context in understanding meaning?

Context helps determine the intended meaning of words and sentences.

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Fill in the blank: The philosophical study of the nature of language is called _______.

philosophy of language.

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Which philosopher argued that meaning is use?

Ludwig Wittgenstein.

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Multiple Choice: What is an example of a performative utterance?
A) ‘It is raining.’
B) ‘I apologize.’
C) ‘The cat is on the mat.’
D) ‘The sky is blue.’

B) ‘I apologize.’

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What is the difference between a sentence’s reference and its sense?

Reference is the actual object or concept the sentence refers to, while sense is the meaning or concept associated with that reference.

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True or False: All languages have the same grammatical structures.

False.

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What is the significance of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

It suggests that language influences thought and perception.

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Fill in the blank: The study of the relationships between signs and what they represent is called _______.

semiotics.

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Which term describes a word that has the same meaning as another word?

Synonym.

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Multiple Choice: Which philosopher is associated with the concept of ‘meaning as use’?
A) Noam Chomsky
B) Ferdinand de Saussure
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein
D) Gottlob Frege

C) Ludwig Wittgenstein.

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What is an example of a homonym?

The word ‘bat’ (the animal and the sports equipment).

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True or False: Pragmatics is concerned with the literal meaning of words only.

False.

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What are implicatures in language?

Implicatures are meanings that are suggested or implied by a speaker, rather than explicitly stated.

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Fill in the blank: A statement that can be proven true or false is called a _______.

proposition.

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Which type of language refers to the emotional associations of a word?

Connotation.

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Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a presupposition?
A) ‘John stopped smoking.’
B) ‘Is John going to the party?’
C) ‘I regret that I didn’t call you.’
D) ‘The king of France is bald.’

A) ‘John stopped smoking.’

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What is the purpose of a language's syntax?

To govern the structure and order of words in sentences.

True or False: All languages have verbs, nouns, and adjectives.

True.

What does 'deixis' refer to in language?

Words that require contextual information to convey meaning, such as 'here', 'there', 'I', and 'you'.

Fill in the blank: The principle that suggests that speakers try to be informative, truthful, relevant, and clear is known as the _______.

Cooperative Principle.

Which philosopher is known for his work on the theory of reference?

Saul Kripke.

Multiple Choice: The study of how people use language in social contexts is called: A) Syntax B) Semantics C) Pragmatics D) Phonetics

C) Pragmatics.

What is a linguistic sign composed of?

A signifier (the form of the word) and a signified (the concept it represents).

True or False: Language can be both written and spoken.

True.

What is the role of metaphor in language?

To convey meanings in a figurative way, often by relating one concept to another.

Fill in the blank: The branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech is called _______.

phonetics.

What does the term 'polysemy' refer to?

A word having multiple related meanings.

Multiple Choice: Which theory posits that language is a reflection of the mind? A) Behaviorism B) Structuralism C) Functionalism D) Rationalism

D) Rationalism.

What is the purpose of language games as described by Wittgenstein?

To illustrate how the meaning of words is determined by their use in various contexts.

True or False: Context does not affect the interpretation of ambiguous sentences.

False.

What is a speech act?

An utterance that performs an action rather than merely conveying information.

Fill in the blank: The assertion that meaning is dependent on social context is part of the _______ theory of language.

pragmatic.

Which term describes the smallest unit of sound in a language?

Phoneme.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a metaphor? A) 'Time is money.' B) 'The cat is on the mat.' C) 'She runs fast.' D) 'He is a good friend.'

A) 'Time is money.'

What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar?

Descriptive grammar describes how language is actually used, while prescriptive grammar prescribes how language should be used.

True or False: The meaning of a sentence can change based on intonation.

True.

What does 'referential meaning' refer to?

The specific object or concept a word refers to in the world.

Fill in the blank: The process of assigning meaning to words and sentences is known as _______.

semantics.

Which philosopher is known for the distinction between sense and reference?

Gottlob Frege.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements is true? A) All languages are identical. B) Language is static and unchanging. C) Language evolves over time. D) Language has no influence on thought.

C) Language evolves over time.

What is the function of a metaphor in communication?

To create connections between different ideas and enhance understanding.

True or False: Syntax is only relevant in written language.

False.

What is an antonym?

A word that has the opposite meaning of another word.

Fill in the blank: The study of the meaning of words in relation to each other is known as _______.

lexical semantics.

Which term describes a word that has multiple meanings?

Ambiguous.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a declarative sentence? A) 'Can you help me?' B) 'I will go to the store.' C) 'What time is it?' D) 'Close the door.'

B) 'I will go to the store.'

What does 'syntax' refer to in the context of language?

The rules that govern the structure of sentences.

True or False: All languages have a system of tense.

False.

What is the role of an adverb in a sentence?

To modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Fill in the blank: The way in which words are arranged to create meaning is called _______.

syntax.

Which philosopher is associated with the concept of the 'linguistic turn'?

Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about language is true? A) Language is a universal constant. B) Language is purely a biological phenomenon. C) Language is a social construct. D) Language has no cultural implications.

C) Language is a social construct.

What is the importance of the 'Cooperative Principle' in communication?

It helps ensure effective and meaningful exchanges between speakers and listeners.

True or False: The same word can have different meanings in different contexts.

True.

What is a 'contextual meaning'?

The meaning that a word or phrase takes on in a specific situation.

Fill in the blank: The study of the relationship between language and culture is known as _______.

sociolinguistics.

Which term describes a statement that is true by definition?

Analytic statement.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a compound sentence? A) 'I like coffee.' B) 'She went to the store, and he stayed home.' C) 'What a beautiful day!' D) 'The cat sleeps.'

B) 'She went to the store, and he stayed home.'

What is the purpose of a conjunction in a sentence?

To connect words, phrases, or clauses.

True or False: Language can be used to express abstract concepts.

True.

What is a 'semantic field'?

A set of words related in meaning.

Fill in the blank: The process of forming words from smaller units of meaning is called _______.

morphology.

Which philosopher is known for the concept of 'ordinary language philosophy'?

J.L. Austin.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a compound-complex sentence? A) 'She likes tea.' B) 'Although it was raining, she went for a walk, and he stayed home.' C) 'What time is it?' D) 'He runs every morning.'

B) 'Although it was raining, she went for a walk, and he stayed home.'

What is the role of a pronoun in a sentence?

To replace a noun to avoid repetition.