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UCSM-OBSTETRICS > Ch3-Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities > Flashcards

Ch3-Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital ridge (elevationof intermidiate mesoderm) ➡️ develops into the urogenital tract

A

3rd-5th week of gestation

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2
Q

Urogenital ridge divides to

A

Genital and nephrogenic ridge

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3
Q

Genital ridge

A

Ovary

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4
Q

Nephrogenic ridge

A

Mesonephric kidney and pairedmesonephricducts

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5
Q

Mesonephric ducts

A

Wolffian ducts

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6
Q

Mesonephric ducts

A

Connect to the cloaca

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7
Q

Final kidney

A

Metanephros

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8
Q

Mesonephros degenerates near he end of the 1st trimester and the wolffian ducts regress as well without this hormone

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Common opening for the embryonic urinary, genital, and alimentary tracts

A

Cloaca

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10
Q

7th week URORECTAL SEPTUM

A

1) rectum

2) urogenital sinu

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11
Q

Urogenital sinus:

A

1) cephalad or vesicle portion
2) middle of pelvic portion
3) caudal or cephalic part

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12
Q

Cephalad

A

Vesicle portion

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13
Q

Cephalad

A

Urinary bladder

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14
Q

Pelvoc portion

A

Femal urethra

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15
Q

Caudal

A

Cephallic part

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16
Q

Caudal

A

1) distal vagina
2) greater vestibular (Bartholin)
3) paraurethral glands

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17
Q

Paramesonephric ducts

A

Mullerian ducts

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18
Q

Mullerian ducts:

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Upper vagina

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19
Q

Union of 2 mullerian ducts 10th week

A

Uterus

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20
Q

4th and 5th week (urinary embryology)

A

Mesonephric bu gives rise to a ureteric bud which grows cephalad toward its respective mesonephros

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21
Q

Metanephric duct

A

Ureter

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22
Q

Mullerian duct

A

Fallopian tube

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23
Q

1) Final uterine cavity is formed by the

2) Vaginal canalization

A

20th week

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24
Q

These bulbs proliferate and fuse to form the vaginal plate, which later absorbs to form the vaginal lumen

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

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25
Q

Hymeneal ring

A

Separates the vaginal lumen fromnthe urogenital sinus.

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26
Q

Gartner duct cysts

A

Located in the
PROXIMAL
ANTEROLATERAL
Vaginalwall

27
Q

Most common benign cystic lesions of the vagina

A

Gartner duct cyst

28
Q

Embryologic remnants of the caudal end of the mesonephric (wolffian duct)

A

Gartner duct cyst

29
Q

Intraabdominal wolffian remnants in the female include a few blind tubules in the MESOVARIUM

A

Epoophoron

30
Q

Intraabdominal wolffian remnants in the female include a few blind tubules in the UTERUS

A

Paraoophoron

31
Q

The gonas develop from three sources:

A

The mesothelium
The mesenchyme
The primordial germ cells

32
Q

The mesothelium lining he posterior abdominal wall

A

Coelemic epithelium

33
Q

Underlying mesenchyme

A

Intermediate mesoderm

34
Q

4th week (Gonad Embryology)

A

Coelemic epitheium thickens to form the genital ridge (aka gonadal ridge)

35
Q

6th week (Gonad Embryology)

A

Primordial germ cells have migrated from the yolk sac to endter the genital ridge mesenchyme. Primoridial germ cells are then incorporated into the primary sex cords.

36
Q

7th week (Gonad Embryology)

A

Sexes can be distinguished

37
Q

7th Week (Gonad Embryology)

A

Testes are recognized during microscopic sectioning by their welldefinied radiating testis cords.

38
Q

These cordisare separated from the coelomic epithelium by mesenchyme that is to become the tunic albuginea

A

Radiating testis cords

39
Q

Testes cords develop into

A

Seminiferous tubules

Rete testi

40
Q

Main mesonephric duct derivatives

A

Epididymis

Vas deferens

41
Q

Contain the oogonia, which derive from primordial germ cells and are surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells derived from cortical cords

A

Follicular cells (follicles)

42
Q

Week 12 (Embryology of External Genitalia)

A

visually differentiate male and femal external genitalia

43
Q

How to evaluate identified mullerian anomalies

A

MRI
Sonography
Intravenous pyelography

44
Q

Female external genital differentiation

A

Completes in 11 weeks

45
Q

Male external genital differentiation

A

Complete by 14 weeks

46
Q

Labioscrotal folds create:

A

Labia majora

47
Q

Urethral folds:

A

Labia minora

48
Q

Genital tubercle elongates to form (males)

A

Phallus

49
Q

Genital tubercle elongates to form (female)

A

Clitoris

50
Q

Prompts the anogenital distance to lengthen, the phallus to enlarge, and the labioscrotal folds to fuse and form the scrotum.

A

DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

51
Q

5-alpha reduction of testosterone

A

DHT

52
Q

4 principal deformities arise from defective mullerian duct embryological steps:

A

(1) agenesis of both ducts, either focally or along the entire duct length
(2) unilateral maturation of one mullerian duct with incomplete or absent development o the opposite side
(3) absent or faulty midline fusion of the ducts
(4) defective canalization

53
Q

Initial complaint for those with agenesis of a mullerian component

A

Amenorrhea

54
Q

Frequent in endometriosis and its associated dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pain

A

Outlet obstruction

55
Q

Is the most profound and may be isolated or associated with other mullerian anomalies

A

Vaginal agenesis

56
Q

Upper vagina agenesis is associated with uterine hypoplasia or agenesis

A

Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome

57
Q

MRKH Triad

A

Renal
Skeletal
Auditory

58
Q

MURCS (MRKH)

A

Mullerian duct aplasia
Renal aplasia
Cervicothoracic somite dysplasia

59
Q

Developmental abnormalities of the cervix:

A

Partial or complete agenesis
Duplication
Longitudinal septa

60
Q

Most common finding in uterine abnormalities

A 
Arcuate uterus (Most common finding)
Septate
Bicornuate
Didelphic
Unicornuate classes
61
Q

Diagnostic tools for mullerian anomalies

A 
Sonography
Hystrosalpingography
MRI
Laparoscopy
Hysteroscopy
62
Q

Mullerian anomalies may be discovered during:

A

Pelvic examination
Cesarean delivery
Tubal steriliation
Infertility evaluation

63
Q

In women undergoing fertility evaluation, this is ccommonly selected for uterine cavity and tubal patency assessment

A

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

64
Q

HSG

A

Contraindicated during pregnancy

UCSM-OBSTETRICS (4 decks)

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