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UCSM-OBSTETRICS > Ch3-Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities > Flashcards

Ch3-Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital ridge (elevationof intermidiate mesoderm) ➡️ develops into the urogenital tract

A

3rd-5th week of gestation

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2
Q

Urogenital ridge divides to

A

Genital and nephrogenic ridge

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3
Q

Genital ridge

A

Ovary

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4
Q

Nephrogenic ridge

A

Mesonephric kidney and pairedmesonephricducts

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5
Q

Mesonephric ducts

A

Wolffian ducts

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6
Q

Mesonephric ducts

A

Connect to the cloaca

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7
Q

Final kidney

A

Metanephros

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8
Q

Mesonephros degenerates near he end of the 1st trimester and the wolffian ducts regress as well without this hormone

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Common opening for the embryonic urinary, genital, and alimentary tracts

A

Cloaca

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10
Q

7th week URORECTAL SEPTUM

A

1) rectum

2) urogenital sinu

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11
Q

Urogenital sinus:

A

1) cephalad or vesicle portion
2) middle of pelvic portion
3) caudal or cephalic part

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12
Q

Cephalad

A

Vesicle portion

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13
Q

Cephalad

A

Urinary bladder

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14
Q

Pelvoc portion

A

Femal urethra

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15
Q

Caudal

A

Cephallic part

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16
Q

Caudal

A

1) distal vagina
2) greater vestibular (Bartholin)
3) paraurethral glands

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17
Q

Paramesonephric ducts

A

Mullerian ducts

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18
Q

Mullerian ducts:

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Upper vagina

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19
Q

Union of 2 mullerian ducts 10th week

A

Uterus

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20
Q

4th and 5th week (urinary embryology)

A

Mesonephric bu gives rise to a ureteric bud which grows cephalad toward its respective mesonephros

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21
Q

Metanephric duct

A

Ureter

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22
Q

Mullerian duct

A

Fallopian tube

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23
Q

1) Final uterine cavity is formed by the

2) Vaginal canalization

A

20th week

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24
Q

These bulbs proliferate and fuse to form the vaginal plate, which later absorbs to form the vaginal lumen

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

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25
Hymeneal ring
Separates the vaginal lumen fromnthe urogenital sinus.
26
Gartner duct cysts
Located in the PROXIMAL ANTEROLATERAL Vaginalwall
27
Most common benign cystic lesions of the vagina
Gartner duct cyst
28
Embryologic remnants of the caudal end of the mesonephric (wolffian duct)
Gartner duct cyst
29
Intraabdominal wolffian remnants in the female include a few blind tubules in the MESOVARIUM
Epoophoron
30
Intraabdominal wolffian remnants in the female include a few blind tubules in the UTERUS
Paraoophoron
31
The gonas develop from three sources:
The mesothelium The mesenchyme The primordial germ cells
32
The mesothelium lining he posterior abdominal wall
Coelemic epithelium
33
Underlying mesenchyme
Intermediate mesoderm
34
4th week (Gonad Embryology)
Coelemic epitheium thickens to form the genital ridge (aka gonadal ridge)
35
6th week (Gonad Embryology)
Primordial germ cells have migrated from the yolk sac to endter the genital ridge mesenchyme. Primoridial germ cells are then incorporated into the primary sex cords.
36
7th week (Gonad Embryology)
Sexes can be distinguished
37
7th Week (Gonad Embryology)
Testes are recognized during microscopic sectioning by their welldefinied radiating testis cords.
38
These cordisare separated from the coelomic epithelium by mesenchyme that is to become the tunic albuginea
Radiating testis cords
39
Testes cords develop into
Seminiferous tubules | Rete testi
40
Main mesonephric duct derivatives
Epididymis | Vas deferens
41
Contain the oogonia, which derive from primordial germ cells and are surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells derived from cortical cords
Follicular cells (follicles)
42
Week 12 (Embryology of External Genitalia)
visually differentiate male and femal external genitalia
43
How to evaluate identified mullerian anomalies
MRI Sonography Intravenous pyelography
44
Female external genital differentiation
Completes in 11 weeks
45
Male external genital differentiation
Complete by 14 weeks
46
Labioscrotal folds create:
Labia majora
47
Urethral folds:
Labia minora
48
Genital tubercle elongates to form (males)
Phallus
49
Genital tubercle elongates to form (female)
Clitoris
50
Prompts the anogenital distance to lengthen, the phallus to enlarge, and the labioscrotal folds to fuse and form the scrotum.
DHT (dihydrotestosterone)
51
5-alpha reduction of testosterone
DHT
52
4 principal deformities arise from defective mullerian duct embryological steps:
(1) agenesis of both ducts, either focally or along the entire duct length (2) unilateral maturation of one mullerian duct with incomplete or absent development o the opposite side (3) absent or faulty midline fusion of the ducts (4) defective canalization
53
Initial complaint for those with agenesis of a mullerian component
Amenorrhea
54
Frequent in endometriosis and its associated dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pain
Outlet obstruction
55
Is the most profound and may be isolated or associated with other mullerian anomalies
Vaginal agenesis
56
Upper vagina agenesis is associated with uterine hypoplasia or agenesis
Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome
57
MRKH Triad
Renal Skeletal Auditory
58
MURCS (MRKH)
Mullerian duct aplasia Renal aplasia Cervicothoracic somite dysplasia
59
Developmental abnormalities of the cervix:
Partial or complete agenesis Duplication Longitudinal septa
60
Most common finding in uterine abnormalities
``` Arcuate uterus (Most common finding) Septate Bicornuate Didelphic Unicornuate classes ```
61
Diagnostic tools for mullerian anomalies
``` Sonography Hystrosalpingography MRI Laparoscopy Hysteroscopy ```
62
Mullerian anomalies may be discovered during:
Pelvic examination Cesarean delivery Tubal steriliation Infertility evaluation
63
In women undergoing fertility evaluation, this is ccommonly selected for uterine cavity and tubal patency assessment
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
64
HSG
Contraindicated during pregnancy

UCSM-OBSTETRICS (4 decks)

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